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Can the use of exogenous phytohormones enhance the germination of hard shell seeds?

Gibberellic acid

Panax notoginseng

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The use of exogenous phytohormones, such as gibberellic acid (GA3), can indeed enhance the germination of hard shell seeds. Research has shown that treatments with GA3 promote germination by increasing the hormone levels through permeation, altering the GA/ABA ratio, and upregulating crucial genes related to seed embryo development and cell wall loosening . Additionally, encapsulation techniques for phytohormone delivery have been highlighted as a promising method to enhance plant stress tolerance and improve the efficacy of exogenous hormone treatments, although these systems are still relatively unexplored . Therefore, utilizing exogenous phytohormones, especially GA3, either directly or through encapsulation, can be a valuable approach to enhance the germination of hard shell seeds under various environmental conditions.

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Open access•Journal Article•DOI The Effect of Gibberellin Extracted from Eichhornia crassipes Root on the Viability and Duration of Hard Seed Germination K Ummah, Y S Rahayu - Show less +1 more 01 Dec 2019 5 Citations	Exogenous gibberellin extracted from Eichhornia crassipes root significantly enhances the germination of hard seeds, with 500 ppm concentration showing optimal results in three different seed types.
Open access•Posted Content•DOI Exogenous gibberellic acid shortening after-ripening process and promoting seed germination in a medicinal plant Panax notoginseng 17 Oct 2022	Exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) promotes seed germination in Panax notoginseng by enhancing endogenous GA levels, inhibiting ABA-related genes, and facilitating embryo development and cell wall loosening.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Exogenous gibberellic acid shortening after-ripening process and promoting seed germination in a medicinal plant Panax notoginseng Na Ge, Jin-Shan Jia, Ling Yang, Ronghua Huang, Qingshu Wang, Cui Chen, Zhen-Gui Meng, Long-Gen Li, Jun-Wen Chen - Show less +8 more 01 Feb 2023-BMC Plant Biology 1 Citations	Exogenous gibberellic acid (GA) can enhance germination in hard shell seeds like Panax notoginseng by promoting after-ripening and increasing GA levels, breaking dormancy, and aiding seed coat rupture.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Efficient strategies for controlled release of nanoencapsulated phytohormones to improve plant stress tolerance Jimmy Andrés Sampedro-Guerrero, Vicente Vives-Peris, Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas, Carolina Clausell-Terol - Show less +3 more 15 May 2023-Plant Methods 1 Citations	Not addressed in the paper.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Influence of phytohormones on seed germination of Solanum linnaeanum Aram Akram Mohammed, Haidar Arkwazee, Ayub Karim Mahmood Mahmood, S. F. M. Sulaiman, J. H. S. Ismael, Nawroz Abdul-razzak Tahir - Show less +5 more 17 Jan 2023-Anales de biología	Not addressed in the paper.

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