How is zirconia sintered?5 answersZirconia sintering involves various methods to achieve specific properties. One method includes molding zirconia powders with different yttria contents to form a green body, followed by sintering to obtain a zirconia sintered body. Another approach focuses on firing zirconia bodies in a multi-stage process with specific heating rates and temperature ranges to produce aesthetically pleasing and strong dental prostheses. Additionally, zirconia sintered bodies can exhibit a bright red color by incorporating cerium oxide, yttria, and aluminum oxide in specific compositions, enabling color changes without altering the structure. Moreover, enhancing interlayer hardness in zirconia sintered bodies involves laminating powders with different compositions, partially mixing layers, and meeting specific flexure hardness criteria during sintering. Furthermore, zirconia sintered bodies can contain aluminum, cobalt, and manganese alongside yttria-containing zirconia, with defined content ranges for each element.
How does the microstructure of zirconia change during sintering?4 answersDuring sintering, the microstructure of zirconia undergoes changes. The addition of a sintering aid, such as Al2O3, promotes the densification of the powders and imparts a crystalline structure to the material. The use of a constant magnetic field during sintering also leads to changes in the microstructure, resulting in more perfect crystalline forms and increased degree of isometricity. The introduction of sodium disilicate as a low-melting additive promotes liquid-phase sintering and the formation of a dense structure. Additionally, the firing temperature affects the sintering and densification process, with continued sintering and densification occurring at higher temperatures. These changes in microstructure during sintering are characterized by improvements in crystallinity, grain size refinement, and the formation of high-temperature phases.
What are the different types of composite materials of Al SiC?5 answersAluminum-Silicon Carbide (Al-SiC) composites have been investigated in several studies. Kolev et al. fabricated AlSi10Mg-SiC composites using NaCl space holders and tested them for tribological behavior. Zhang et al. applied a multi-layer accumulative roll bonding (MARB) process to fabricate Al-1 vol% SiC composites with a bimodal structure. Ji and Liu prepared SiCp/6061Al composites with different volume fractions using vacuum hot pressing sintering. Baghel et al. developed Al-SiC composite material from rice husk using a CNC milling machine. Pal et al. prepared Al6061 alloy composites with various volume fractions of SiC particles using the stir casting method. These studies demonstrate the use of different fabrication methods and volume fractions of SiC particles to create Al-SiC composites with varying microstructures and mechanical properties.
What are the effects of calcium on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium continuous casting?5 answersThe addition of calcium to aluminium continuous casting has various effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties. The presence of calcium in the Al-Ca-Cu system leads to the formation of ultra-fine eutectic colonies and submicron-size intermetallic particles, resulting in a microstructure consisting of Al primary crystals and Al4Ca intermetallic particles. The addition of calcium also enhances the fluidity of the alloy, leading to effective grain refinement and increased filling length. Furthermore, the casting process parameters, such as casting speed, have a significant impact on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy, with higher casting speeds resulting in decreased secondary dendrite arms spacing and increased tensile strength. Overall, the addition of calcium and the optimization of casting parameters can improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium continuous casting alloys.
How does hot compression influence the strain rate sensitivity of Zircaloy-4?4 answersHot compression has been found to influence the strain rate sensitivity of Zircaloy-4. In situ compression and tension tests on annealed Zircaloy-4 plate showed that increasing the strain rate caused an increase in twinning density, as indicated by post deformation microstructures and pole figures. Additionally, crystal plasticity modeling revealed that the strain rate sensitivity of Zircaloy-4 is highly heterogeneous at the grain level and dependent on the plastic deformation rate and underlying grain-based dislocation slip activation. These findings suggest that the strain rate sensitivity of Zircaloy-4 is influenced by both macroscopic deformation behavior, such as twinning, and microscopic crystal-level properties, such as dislocation slip activation.
Can you mix ceramic and metallic brake pads?7 answers