The past condition or event or history state of node in biology network?4 answersThe past condition or event or history state of a node in a biological network can be determined using node interference analysis and node robustness analysis. These centrality-based measures allow for the characterization of the topological relationships between nodes and groups of nodes within the network. Node interference analysis helps determine the context of functional influence of single nodes, while node robustness analysis identifies the nodes with the highest functional influence on a specific node. These measures have been applied to a protein-protein interaction network regulating integrin activation in human primary leukocytes, successfully predicting the functional effects of compounds inhibiting important protein kinases. The interference and robustness notions can be applied to various contexts, such as identifying potential side effects of drugs or characterizing the consequences of gene deletion, duplication, or protein degradation.
Connectivity in graphs theory and application?5 answersThe concept of connectivity in graph theory has both theoretical and practical applications. In terms of theory, researchers have characterized graphs with connected 2-distance graphs, proving that for graphs with diameter 2, the 2-distance graph is connected if and only if the graph has no spanning complete bipartite subgraphs. For graphs with a diameter greater than 2, a maximal Fine set is defined, and by contracting the graph on these subsets, a new graph is obtained where the 2-distance graph is connected if and only if the 2-distance graph of the new graph is connected. In practical applications, the connectivity of bicycle networks is crucial for ridership, safety, and equity. Using level of traffic stress (LTS) and graph theory concepts, researchers have measured the network connectivity for different types of riders and identified network needs and barriers based on these rider types.
What influence does node connectivity has on the decentralization of a layer 1 blockchain network?4 answersNode connectivity plays a crucial role in the decentralization of a layer 1 blockchain network. The degree of decentralization is influenced by the topology of the network and the connectivity between nodes.The presence of hub-like nodes, such as relay gateways, negatively impacts the decentralization degree of blockchain networks.In a blockchain system, the number of full nodes storing the entire history data of the network affects decentralization.Rational nodes may discard history data, leading to a decrease in the number of full nodes and weakening decentralization.Monitoring the dynamism of nodes on the network is essential to understand the potential system mechanisms and address security risks that result in a weak network structure.Therefore, node connectivity directly influences the level of decentralization in a layer 1 blockchain network.
What influence does the number of nodes have on the security of a layer 1 blockchain network?3 answersThe number of nodes in a layer 1 blockchain network can have a significant influence on its security. As the number of nodes increases, it becomes more difficult for an attacker to launch certain types of attacks, such as the 51% attack, Finney attack, and Sybil attack. This is because the more nodes there are, the more computing power is added to the network, making it harder for an attacker to overpower the network's hash computing power. Additionally, a larger number of nodes can contribute to a more distributed and decentralized network, which can enhance the security and resilience of the blockchain. Therefore, having a higher number of nodes in a layer 1 blockchain network can generally improve its security and make it more resistant to attacks.
What influence does the node connectivity have on the security of a layer 1 blockchain network?3 answersNode connectivity has a significant influence on the security of a layer 1 blockchain network. The security of a proof-of-work (PoW) blockchain, which relies on the honest-majority assumption, can be undermined by factors such as network connectivity, presence of blockchain forks, and mining strategy. Block synchronization is crucial for maintaining blockchain security, and the impact of peering nodes on synchronization has been studied using game theory and large deviation theory. The use of blockchain consensus result feedback enhances the credibility between network nodes and enables secure communication. Additionally, the construction of a layered network security authenticator using blockchain technologies can provide strict security and validity guarantees for Internet of Everything networks.
What is node in PI network?5 answers