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We argue that the vast bulk of movements in aggregate real economic activity during the Great Recession were due to financial frictions.
Thus, globalization may hurt the poor not because it went too far, but rather because it did not go far enough.
The limited overall impact of globalization reflects two offsetting tendencies: whereas trade globalization is associated with a reduction in inequality, financial globalization-and foreign direct investment in particular-is associated with an increase.
Moreover, we show that the Great Recession had strong but differentiated impacts at regional level.
My key argument is that the origins of the Great Recession can be fully understood only within an analysis of the system of globalised production and the corresponding division of labour manifest in the symbiotic relationship between the financialised US-centred core and the commodity-producing periphery.
Since the middle years were also ones of economic autarky and 'de-globalization', while the rest were ones of increasing globalization in world commodity and factor markets, history offers an unambiguous positive correlation between globalization and convergence.

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How globalizations can lead to unemployment?5 answersGlobalization can impact unemployment rates through various channels. Studies show that economic globalization, including trade liberalization and financial integration, can have differing effects on unemployment. For instance, while trade globalization may directly affect unemployment rates, financial globalization can lead to negative responses in terms of youth unemployment. The impact of globalization on unemployment can vary across countries, with some experiencing an increase in unemployment due to economic globalization, while others see a decrease. Factors such as remittances and foreign direct investment (FDI) also play a role in influencing unemployment rates in the context of globalization. Policymakers need to consider these dynamics when formulating strategies to address unemployment challenges in the face of increasing global interconnectedness.
How globalization leads to economic growth?5 answersGlobalization plays a crucial role in fostering economic growth by enhancing the allocation of resources, technological diffusion, productivity, and capital accumulation. Studies have shown that economic globalization positively impacts economic growth in various income-level countries, with high and lower-middle-income economies benefiting significantly from globalization through trade and financial openness. Additionally, the overall KOF globalization index, economic globalization, and social dimensions of globalization have been found to have a positive influence on economic growth in emerging economies, emphasizing the importance of globalization in stimulating economic development. Furthermore, in European countries, variables such as net FDI inflows and trade openness have been identified as key factors driving economic growth, highlighting the positive impact of globalization on European economies over the past decades.
What are the main factors that have led to globalization?4 answersGlobalization has been driven by several factors including economic reforms, advancements in technology and know-how, multinational companies with global networks, and improvements in communication and transportation systems. The third technological revolution, particularly the development of information technology, has also played a significant role in modern globalization processes. Additionally, the rise of multinational corporations, non-governmental organizations, and the emergence of global consciousness have contributed to the process of globalization. Production networks and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows have become key factors in establishing cross-border economic relations and spreading globalization worldwide. These factors have led to increased interdependence between different economic entities and spheres, international trade relations, and the movement of international production factors. Overall, globalization has been influenced by economic, technological, and social factors that have facilitated the integration of economies and societies on a global scale.
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