What is the role of dissolved organic carbon<?5 answersDissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays a critical role in the carbon cycle of marine and freshwater environments. It is involved in many biogeochemical reactions and is important in ancient Earth's carbon cycles. DOC is rarely quantified and characterized in modern stratified analogues. Studies have investigated the DOC reservoirs in redox-stratified alkaline crater lakes in Mexico. DOC concentrations in these lakes are high and vary greatly between and within the lakes. The isotopic compositions of DOC also show a broad range of values. The variability of DOC and its isotopic composition in these lakes reflect oxygenic and/or anoxygenic primary productivity, as well as the partial degradation of organic matter and accumulation of DOC in anoxic waters. DOC records detailed metabolic functioning and provides insights into carbon fluxes from the environment to the biomass. Understanding DOC in modern systems helps to set boundary conditions for the Earth's past oceans. DOC in inland waters, such as ponds in agricultural watersheds, also plays a significant role in the global carbon cycle and affects global climate change. The variability of DOC in these ponds is influenced by anthropogenic loadings, internal production rates, and hydrological regimes. In the source area of the Yellow River, permafrost dynamics dominate aquatic DOC distribution, and permafrost thaw may alter aquatic DOC budgets, potentially becoming an additional source for atmospheric carbon emissions.
How do total dissolved solids increase when organic matter degrades?5 answersTotal dissolved solids increase when organic matter degrades. The present invention proposes an arrangement to increase the concentration of solid, dissolved substances in a solution, such as dewatering digested sludge from a sewage treatment plant. In a study on soil degradation, it was found that converting cropland to management-intensive grazing practices rapidly improved soil quality and increased organic matter concentrations. Laboratory studies have shown conflicting results regarding how O-2 affects organic matter degradation and carbon cycling. Additionally, research on water bodies with diverse land use and cover types found that dissolved organic matter (DOM) decreased during photo-biodegradation experiments, suggesting that sunlight facilitated DOM biodegradation. Overall, these findings suggest that the degradation of organic matter can lead to an increase in total dissolved solids, but the specific mechanisms and factors involved may vary depending on the context.
How is the temporal variation of dissolved organic carbon with tide condition in estuary?5 answersThe temporal variation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in estuaries is influenced by tidal conditions. In some estuaries, DOC concentrations are highest during low tide. This can be attributed to processes such as organic carbon mineralization, sulfate reduction, and denitrification, as well as porewater exchange. During low tide, there is also evidence of porewater-mediated addition of DOC. In contrast, other estuaries show little variation in DOC concentrations with tidal cycles. The specific drivers of DOC dynamics in estuaries can vary, with factors such as colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and percent freshwater playing a role. Overall, the temporal variation of DOC in estuaries is complex and influenced by multiple processes and factors that change with tidal and seasonal timescales.
How is the diurnal variation of dissolved organic carbon with tide condition in estuary?5 answersThe diurnal variation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in estuaries is influenced by tidal conditions. Tidal cycles affect the mixing of riverine freshwater and saltwater, which in turn shapes the optical composition of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). The dynamics of DOC in estuarine wetlands exhibit a tidal-driven pattern, with higher sensitivity to tides at low-elevation sites. During low tide, influences of biogeochemical processes such as organic carbon mineralization, sulfate reduction, and denitrification, as well as hydrological processes like porewater exchange, contribute to the variability of DOC concentrations. Additionally, the diurnal variation of DOC is influenced by plant reactions in different growth periods and tidal elevations. The tidal and diurnal differences in DOC concentrations and fluxes have implications for carbon sequestration and carbon emission in estuarine ecosystems.
Influence of dissolved organic carbon in distribution of dissolved lead Pb in estuary?5 answersThe distribution of dissolved lead (Pb) in estuaries is influenced by the presence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). In the Churchill estuary system, protein-like dissolved organic matter (DOM) was found to have a significant positive relationship with DGT-labile V (vanadium) concentration. This suggests that protein-like DOM possibly affects the distribution of DGT-labile V in the estuary. In the Loire estuary, the concentrations of dissolved lead were lower compared to previous studies, which could be attributed to changes in industrial activity. The distributions of dissolved metals in the surface waters of the estuary were influenced by suspended particulate matter (SPM), which can rapidly "trap" lead near the mouth of the estuary. Overall, the presence of dissolved organic carbon, particularly protein-like DOM, plays a role in the distribution of dissolved lead in estuaries.
Dose dissolved organic matter reduce adsorption rate of contaminant ?2 answersDissolved organic matter (DOM) can reduce the adsorption rate of contaminants. In the presence of DOM, the adsorption of carbamazepine to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was reduced. Granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption capacity for trace organic contaminants was also found to be dependent on GAC particle size when DOM was present. The sorption of radioactive cesium (Cs) by zeolite and illite was inhibited by DSOM, particularly fulvic acid. DOM and biochar were found to improve the adsorption capacity of bisphenol S (BPs) in Ferralsol, but DOM suppressed the adsorption capacity of biochar modified soil. The presence of DOM was found to reduce Hg adsorption in soils and sediment, with the degree of inhibition dependent on the types of soils and the DOMs.