Why juvenile snails cannot infect with trematode?4 answersJuvenile snails may not be able to infect with trematodes due to various factors. In the snail-trematode system studied, it was found that smaller snails were more susceptible to infection but had higher mortality rates post-infection, potentially explaining their reduced infection levels in the field. Additionally, the study on entire trematode communities within snail hosts highlighted the importance of pairing field and laboratory studies to understand infection mechanisms better. These findings suggest that juvenile snails may have higher mortality rates following infection, limiting their ability to serve as hosts for trematodes. Therefore, the combination of susceptibility to infection and increased mortality rates in juvenile snails could contribute to their inability to effectively infect with trematodes.
Nematodes species infect which fish species?5 answersNematodes infect various fish species such as Hyporthodus niveatus, Percophis brasiliensis, European pilchard, chub mackerel, anchovy, bogue, Epinephelus diacanthus, and Epinephelus coioides. Specifically, in Hyporthodus niveatus, third-instar larvae of Contracaecum sp., Terranova sp., Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum, and Raphidascaris sp. were found parasitizing the intestine and abdominal cavity. In Percophis brasiliensis, larvae of Grillotia carvajalregorum and various nematodes were found in different organs. The European pilchard was found to be infected with nematodes of the genus Hysterothylacium and Anisakis. Additionally, Anisakis typica and Anisakis pegreffii were isolated from chub mackerel, anchovy, and bogue. Furthermore, Epinephelus diacanthus and Epinephelus coioides were infected with Hysterothylacium spp. nematodes.
What factors contribute to the diversity of digeneans in Mediterranean fish populations?4 answersThe diversity of digeneans in Mediterranean fish populations is influenced by various factors. The Mediterranean Sea hosts a rich marine biodiversity, with approximately 17,000 marine species, although diversity estimates are still incomplete due to undiscovered species, especially in deep-sea areas. Deep-sea ecosystems in the Mediterranean exhibit high biodiversity levels, with different components showing decreasing patterns with increasing water depth, impacting the diversity of digeneans as well. Additionally, changes in fish diversity in the Mediterranean, including the northward expansion of thermophilic species, can affect the presence and distribution of digeneans in fish populations. Furthermore, fishing impacts in the Mediterranean, such as overexploitation and habitat loss, can also influence the diversity of digeneans in fish populations, highlighting the interconnectedness of various factors in shaping this aspect of biodiversity.
What are the different parasites infecting ornamental fish in Iran?5 answersThe different parasites infecting ornamental fish in Iran include Nyctotherus piscicola, Trichodina heterodentata, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Protoopalina sp., Hexamita sp., and Ancyrocephalus sp.. Additionally, fish lice (Argulus) have been observed in ornamental fish imported to Iran, such as goldfish (Carassius auratus) and koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). Other parasites identified in Iranian freshwater fish include Balantidium spp., Myxobolus spp., Sarcosystis sp., Heterophyes heterophyes, Clinostomum complanatum, Ligula intestinalis, Diphyllobothrium latum, Pseudoterranova sp., Anisakis spp., Contracaecum spp., Raphidascaris spp., Eustrongylides spp., Capillaria sp., and Corynosoma spp.. Protozoan parasites have been recorded from 52 freshwater fish species in different ecoregions of Iran, with the highest concentration in the Urmia basin. The protozoan parasites identified in ornamental fish in Iran include Eimeria spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Tetrahymena corlissi, Thecamoeba spp., Giardia spp., Myxobolus spp., and Nematoda spp..
For which kind of parasitic infectio Soursop work most?5 answersSoursop extract has been shown to have cytoprotective capacity against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and can prevent damage caused by cellular oxidants. However, there is no specific information available in the provided abstracts about the kind of parasitic infection that soursop works most effectively against.
What are the most common fish parasites that infect humans?5 answersFish-borne parasitic infections are becoming more common in humans. The most common fish parasites that infect humans include intestinal parasitic worms such as diphyllobothrium, anisakiasis, and pseudoterranova. Cryptosporidium parasites, specifically C. hominis, C. parvum, and C. meleagridis, are also frequently found in humans. Additionally, various types of parasites including nematodes, trematodes, protozoa, and crustacea have been identified in different fish species. These parasites can cause a range of symptoms and health issues including anemia, malabsorption, severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, allergic reactions, and gastric ulcers. It is important to be aware of these fish parasites and take precautions when consuming raw or undercooked fish to prevent infection.