What is the impact of economic integration on on trade by exploring the role of institutional quality?5 answersEconomic integration plays a significant role in trade by influencing the impact of institutional quality. Studies show that improvements in institutional quality positively contribute to foreign direct investment (FDI), enhance the trade effect of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on export trade, and have a positive impact on economic growth. Additionally, institutional change, driven by events like the French Revolution, can reduce price gaps and enhance market integration between economies. While trade openness determines short-term economic growth, institutional quality is crucial for long-term sustainability, with good governance being essential for maximizing the benefits of trade in the long run. Therefore, enhancing institutional quality through policy measures can lead to increased trade benefits and economic growth in the context of economic integration.
How do institutions impact export?5 answersInstitutions play a crucial role in impacting export performance. Quality of institutions, such as technology adoption and regulatory time barriers, have been found to have a significant positive impact on export performance. Specifically, technology adoption and quality of institutions act as important channels through which export performance is driven. Institutions that reduce regulatory time barriers and improve protection of private property rights enhance the positive impact of lower regulation-induced time barriers on export entrepreneurship. Additionally, superior quality institutions increase the magnitude of positive outcomes, such as net entry rate and survival rates of export entrants. Furthermore, institutional quality is an important determinant of export diversity, with countries having better institutions exhibiting a more diversified export structure. Overall, institutions have a significant influence on export performance and diversity.
How infrastructure influence the regional integration?5 answersInfrastructure plays a crucial role in regional integration. It has been found that the development and integration of infrastructure can act as a catalyst for trade, innovation, and income improvements in regions. Specifically, the information and communication technology (ICT) sector has the strongest multiplier effect on economic activity, followed by the transport, electricity, and water sectors. In the Middle East, the condition of domestic and cross-border transport infrastructure is important for promoting regional trade and deepening regionalism. Weaknesses in transport infrastructure can hinder regional economic integration, regardless of the level of soft infrastructure. Additionally, governance and maritime openness have been identified as factors influencing trade integration in the CEMAC region. In the case of South America, public investment in transportation infrastructure can enhance commercial integration, but may not necessarily lead to output convergence. Coordination of infrastructure increments between countries is crucial for achieving win-win economic growth scenarios.
What are the main factors that led to the formation of regional economic integration?4 answersThe main factors that led to the formation of regional economic integration include the need for easier and faster realization of common functions among multiple regions. Another factor is the small size of individual economies, which justifies the need for integration in order to enhance economic growth and development. Additionally, the unification of economic policies through the abolition of trade restrictions is seen as a way to increase combined economic productivity and lower prices for distributors and consumers. The formation of regional economic integration also strengthens the position of member countries, leads to internal liberalization, and increases mutual economic relations among member states. Developing countries are encouraged to form regional trade integration to access larger markets and benefit from economic and political cooperation, leading to higher economic growth and wellbeing.
How does the process of regional economic integration affect the legal sovereignty of member states?5 answersIntegrasi ekonomi regional dapat memiliki implikasi bagi kedaulatan hukum negara-negara anggota. Proses integrasi seringkali membutuhkan penyerahan aspek-aspek tertentu dari kedaulatan nasional untuk memfasilitasi kerja sama dan harmonisasi kebijakan di antara negara-negara anggota. Hal ini dapat dilihat dalam kasus Uni Eropa (UE), di mana negara-negara anggota telah sepakat untuk mematuhi hukum dan peraturan Uni Eropa yang menggantikan hukum nasional mereka sendiri. Uni Eropa memiliki kekuatan untuk membuat keputusan yang mengikat tidak hanya untuk negara-negara anggota tetapi juga untuk badan hukum dan individu di negara-negara tersebut, mengurangi hak kedaulatan negara-negara anggota. Demikian pula, di Amerika Latin, pertahanan kedaulatan nasional telah menghambat upaya integrasi karena kekhawatiran atas intervensi eksternal dan nasionalisme ekonomi]. Konsep kedaulatan berkembang, dengan organisasi integrasi regional berpotensi memegang bentuk kedaulatan yang unik dan turunan. Secara keseluruhan, integrasi ekonomi regional dapat membatasi kedaulatan hukum negara-negara anggota untuk mencapai kerja sama dan integrasi yang lebih besar di antara negara-negara yang berpartisipasi.
What is Regional Law in Regional Economic Integration?4 answersHukum regional dalam integrasi ekonomi regional mengacu pada kerangka hukum dan peraturan yang mengatur proses integrasi ekonomi dalam wilayah tertentu. Ini melibatkan penyatuan kebijakan ekonomi, penghapusan pembatasan perdagangan, dan promosi kerja sama di antara negara-negara anggota untuk meningkatkan produktivitas ekonomi dan daya saing]. Hukum regional bertujuan untuk menciptakan lingkungan yang harmonis untuk pertumbuhan dan pembangunan ekonomi dengan memfasilitasi investasi domestik, lintas batas, dan asing, mengadopsi kebijakan bersama, dan mengatasi hambatan non-tarif untuk perdagangan. Ini juga mencakup pembentukan mekanisme hukum dan lembaga untuk memastikan pelaksanaan dan penegakan perjanjian dan peraturan daerah. Namun, efektivitas hukum daerah dalam mencapai tujuannya dapat terhambat oleh ketidakpastian yurisdiksi, keanggotaan yang tumpang tindih di beberapa komunitas ekonomi regional, dan kebutuhan untuk koordinasi dan harmonisasi antara kerangka kerja nasional dan regional]. Regionalisme komparatif dapat memberikan wawasan dan solusi untuk mengatasi tantangan ini dan meningkatkan tata kelola integrasi regional.