What are the primary factors that contribute to the formation of storm surges in the South China Sea?4 answersThe formation of storm surges in the South China Sea is primarily influenced by multiple factors. These include the warmer sea surface temperatures and lifted mean sea levels due to global warming, leading to more intense tropical cyclones and subsequently more ferocious storm surges. Additionally, the intensity and size of typhoons play a crucial role in the generation of storm surges, with larger typhoons and higher intensities contributing significantly to increased storm surge levels. Furthermore, the frequency and tracks of tropical cyclones are projected to change, leading to a rise in extreme sea levels and storm surges along the coastlines of southern China and Vietnam. The interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean, facilitated by the sea-air coupling, is also essential in accurately predicting and simulating storm surges induced by typhoons in the region.
How does typhoon effect to hydra?4 answersTyphoons can have various effects on different aspects of the hydrosphere. They can impact river systems by accelerating nutrient transport and causing mass wasting from hillslopes, which can affect the safe operation of hydraulic facilities and coastal communities through storm surge flooding. Typhoons can also relieve drought and decrease temperature, as well as increase vegetation growth and relative humidity. In terms of aquaculture, typhoon-induced seawater can damage the gills and head kidney tissues of juvenile hybrid grouper, affecting their serum indicators. Additionally, typhoons can significantly impact nutrient and salinity dynamics in estuaries, leading to changes in water levels, currents, and nutrient concentrations. Finally, super-extreme typhoons can cause severe damage to coral communities, potentially leading to a loss of species diversity and the need for reef restoration.
How typhoon affect bvoc emission?5 answersTyphoons can affect biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions. During a typhoon process, O3 precursors are transported from one region to another, leading to changes in BVOC emissions. The peripheral winds and downdrafts of a typhoon can create favorable conditions for biogenic emissions, such as high temperature and stagnant weather. Elevated O3 concentrations caused by typhoons can also impact BVOC emissions. In some cases, elevated O3 levels can inhibit the recovery of dormancy and decrease BVOC emissions. However, in other cases, elevated O3 levels can increase BVOC emissions, particularly monoterpene emissions, as a volatile defense response. The variations in wind speed caused by typhoons can heavily impact the ambient noise level, with the noise intensity being approximately proportional to the 3rd power of the wind speed.
Theories related to Impact of typhoon to rice harvest?4 answersThe impact of typhoons on rice production has been studied extensively. Researchers have used satellite-derived data to detect the location of rice fields and have employed fragility curves to estimate the damage caused by storms on rice production. A hybrid self-organizing radial basis neural network has been proposed to estimate economic losses of rice due to typhoons in Taiwan. The relationship between economic damages caused by typhoons and the presence of paddy fields has been examined, showing that paddy fields provide typhoon protection function. Extreme value theory has been applied to model rice losses caused by typhoons, demonstrating its effectiveness in quantitative risk management. These studies contribute to our understanding of the impact of typhoons on rice harvest and provide valuable insights for policymakers and agriculture risk managers.
How does age on local authorities effect on applying early warning system on typhoon?5 answersThe effect of age on local authorities in applying early warning systems for typhoons is not directly addressed in the provided abstracts. However, the abstract by Jibiki et al.discusses the importance of accurate and personalized warning messages for local residents. It suggests that the failure to evacuate in a timely manner during Typhoon Haiyan was not solely due to a misunderstanding of the term "storm surge", but also because the warning messages were not personalized for the local residents. This implies that the effectiveness of early warning systems may be influenced by factors such as communication strategies and the ability to tailor warnings to the specific needs of different age groups within the local population. Further research would be needed to specifically examine the impact of age on the application of early warning systems for typhoons.
What is the relationship between wind velocity and wave height?5 answersWind velocity and wave height have a significant relationship. Several studies have shown that changes in wind speed can lead to changes in wave height. Young et al. found a general global trend of increasing wind speed and wave height over a 23-year period, with a greater rate of increase for extreme events. Additionally, the study by Blackledge et al. suggests a correlation between the Levy index for wind velocity and the mean energy density of sea surface waves, indicating the possibility of estimating wave energy and power densities from wind velocity alone. Bozorgzadeh et al. used soft computing methods to predict wind-induced wave height and identified wind shear velocity as an effective parameter in forecasting significant wave height. Therefore, it can be concluded that wind velocity plays a crucial role in determining wave height.