How does the use of methylphenidate affect the communication between parents and children in ADHD patients?5 answersThe use of methylphenidate in ADHD patients may affect the communication between parents and children, but the evidence is limited. One study found that there were differences in symptom assessment between parents and teachers at baseline and with treatment response based on the gender of the observer and the child. However, the effect sizes of these interactions were small, and it remains unclear if these interactions are clinically useful. Further research is needed to better understand the impact of methylphenidate on parent-child communication in ADHD patients.
Does caffeine affect cognitive performance?4 answersCaffeine intake has been found to have significant impacts on attention, accuracy, and speed, as well as self-reported energy, mood, and cognitive functions such as attention, simple reaction time, choice reaction time, memory, and fatigue. However, the effects of caffeine on cognitive performance may depend on the research protocols used. In a study on total sleep deprivation (TSD), caffeine intake was found to alleviate sustained attention deficits related to TSD, but had no effect on deficits related to extended task engagement (Time-On-Task, TOT). Another study on older adults found that caffeine consumption reduced performance in bipedal standing balance assessments, but had limited effects on dynamic balance tests. Overall, the effects of caffeine on cognitive performance appear to be influenced by various factors such as the type of cognitive task, sleep deprivation, and age.
What are the most effective pharmacological treatments for ADHD?5 answersThe most effective pharmacological treatments for ADHD include psychostimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamine derivatives, as well as non-stimulants like atomoxetine and α2-agonists. These medications have been shown to improve ADHD symptom severity and are commonly used in the treatment of both children and adults with ADHD. Psychostimulants, in particular, have been found to be the first choice for treatment, with methylphenidate being recommended as the initial option. Other drugs that have been investigated for ADHD treatment include antidepressants and atypical antipsychotics, although these are not yet approved by the FDA for this purpose. Overall, pharmacological treatments for ADHD have been found to be generally effective and safe, with the efficacy of treatment remaining stable over time.
Can psychedelics cure adhd?3 answersPsychedelics have shown promise in treating various brain disorders, but there is limited evidence regarding their effectiveness in curing ADHD. The available abstracts focus on the use of psychedelics for major depressive disorder (MDD) and depression symptoms, rather than ADHD. While psychedelics have demonstrated therapeutic effects for depression and other disorders, such as PTSD and substance abuse disorder, there is no specific mention of their efficacy in treating ADHD in the provided abstracts. Therefore, it is unclear whether psychedelics can cure ADHD based on the information available in these abstracts. Further research is needed to determine the potential benefits and risks of using psychedelics for ADHD treatment.
Which studies have parental training as an intervention and neuropsychological measures as an outcome in children with adhd?5 answersParental training interventions with neuropsychological measures as outcomes have been studied in several papers. Shah et al. developed a culturally-contextualized parent skills training intervention (PSTI) for Indian families dealing with ADHD and found significant improvements in parent-rated measures of inattention. Agha et al. examined the association between parent mental health (ADHD and depression) and offspring performance on neurocognitive tasks in children with ADHD, and found that children of parents with ADHD had poorer working memory and increased errors on the set-shifting task. Van der Donk et al. explored the transfer treatment outcomes of cognitive training in children with ADHD and found that cognitive training can be beneficial for certain subgroups of children with ADHD, with individual differences in subtype of ADHD predicting and moderating treatment outcomes. Yao evaluated the effectiveness of a training intervention to improve neuropsychological skills in ADHD children and found that an Educational Package of Cognitive Plays (EPCP) program was effective in improving neuropsychological skills.
Which nootropics are most effective for increasing cognitive function?5 answersThe effectiveness of different nootropics in increasing cognitive function varies. Classical nootropic compounds, substances increasing brain metabolism, cholinergic drugs, and certain plant extracts have been identified as potential options for improving cognitive function. In a study on patients with mild-to-moderate dementia, the combination of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and nootropics showed some benefits, particularly in language subscale scores, in Alzheimer's dementia. However, the effectiveness of ChEIs and nootropics combination may differ based on the type of dementia. Animal-derived nootropics such as Cerebrolysin, Actovegin, and Cortexin have shown potential in improving cognition, particularly in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). However, the supporting evidence for the efficacy of these animal-derived nootropics is weak, and the effects demonstrated are modest. Further well-controlled studies are needed to determine the overall effectiveness of different nootropics in increasing cognitive function.