How does contact angle f APTES modified clay changes?5 answersContact angle of APTES modified clay changes based on the type of surfactants used for modification and the amount of organic adsorbate present. Surfactant modification significantly alters the contact angles of clay, with cationic surfactants leading to higher contact angles and anionic surfactants resulting in lower contact angles compared to natural clay. Additionally, the addition of organic adsorbates like humic acid-like polymers can decrease the surface free energy components of clay, leading to a marked decrease in contact angles as the amount of polymer adsorbed increases. These modifications affect the wettability of the clay surfaces, showcasing the intricate relationship between surface energy, organic adsorbates, and contact angles in APTES modified clay systems.
How does contact angle of APTES modified clay changes?5 answersThe contact angle of APTES modified clay changes significantly based on the type of surfactant used for modification. When clay is modified with cationic and anionic surfactants, the contact angles are altered, with cationic surfactants leading to higher contact angles and anionic surfactants resulting in lower contact angles compared to natural clay. Additionally, surface modifications with APTES on silica nanoparticles caused a shift in the contact angle from 8° to 51°, indicating an increase in hydrophobicity. These findings highlight the impact of different modifications on the contact angle of clay, showcasing the versatility of surface modifications in altering the wettability properties of clay-based materials.
How benetonit can change wettability in sand stone reservoire?5 answersBentonite can alter wettability in sandstone reservoirs by interacting with other substances like surfactants or nanoparticles. Surfactants can modify the surface properties of oil-wet sandstones to water-wet, enhancing oil recovery potential. Nanoparticles, when combined with oppositely charged surfactants, can change sandstone wettability from oil-wet to water-wet, leading to improved oil recovery rates. Additionally, the application of chemical agents like alkaline and polymer solutions can influence wettability alterations in sandstone reservoirs, especially when dealing with different core aging states, brine compositions, core mineralogy, and crude oil types. Therefore, Bentonite, when used in conjunction with other chemicals or nanoparticles, can play a crucial role in modifying wettability in sandstone reservoirs, ultimately impacting oil recovery processes.
What factors affect the wettability properties of iron borides?4 answersThe wettability properties of iron borides are influenced by several key factors. The physicochemical characteristics of iron mine blasting dust (BD) play a significant role in its wettability. Additives like iron in boron carbide composites can enhance wetting and sintering abilities, affecting the final product's properties. In ferrous alloys, the presence of boron and phosphorous impacts the wetting behavior on polycrystalline α-Al2O3, with varying contact angles observed based on their concentrations. Boron compounds like B4C exhibit unique wetting behavior when in contact with liquid aluminum and alloys, with differences in contact angle evolution observed for different boron compounds. Understanding these factors is crucial for optimizing the wettability of iron borides in various industrial applications.
What are the potential benefits of using nano-particle fluids to enhance rock wettability for underground gas storage?5 answersThe potential benefits of using nano-particle fluids to enhance rock wettability for underground gas storage include improved fluid transport, enhanced colloid transport mechanisms, and increased oil recovery. Nano-particles such as TiO2, ZnO, and ZrO2 have been found to change the wettability of carbonate rocks from oil-wet to water-wet, leading to better fluid transport. Silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide have shown promise in improving rheological properties and filtration features in reservoirs, stabilizing material flow and enhancing recovery rates. Smart water containing nanoparticles like TiO2, γ-Al2O3, and MgO has been found to reduce interfacial tension and contact angle, resulting in improved oil production during imbibition. Additionally, the use of nano-additives in reservoirs can control fluid flow and improve fluid distribution, which is crucial for the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. Overall, nano-particle fluids have the potential to enhance rock wettability, improve fluid transport, and increase oil recovery in underground gas storage.
How to determine the wettability alteration during lswf?5 answersWettability alteration during low salinity waterflooding (LSWF) can be determined through various methods. One approach is to construct a mechanistic binary model that considers the impact of physical dispersion and reaction kinetics on recovery. This model is based on the premise that the wetting species can be lumped as either oil-wetting or water-wetting pseudocomponents. By simulating the process, the model can reproduce experimental results and show the impact of reaction kinetics on the rate of wettability alteration. Another method involves combining FTIR spectroscopy with thermogravimetric analysis to quantify the amount of adsorbed hydrocarbon components in sandstone. This allows for the observation of time-dependent contact angle changes, which indicate wettability alteration. Additionally, a comprehensive ion exchange model with geochemical processes can be developed and coupled to a multi-phase multi-component flow simulator to accurately model wettability alteration during LSWF. This model considers factors such as intra-aqueous reactions, mineral dissolution/precipitation, and ion exchange to predict oil recovery and reproduce important observations from laboratory and field tests.