What are the advantages of controlled environment agriculture?4 answersControlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) has several advantages. Firstly, CEA allows for production processes to be separated from the natural environment, reducing reliance on environmental conditions and enabling better control of pollution. Secondly, CEA systems have the potential to increase efficiency and reduce environmental impacts of food production through integrated localized deployment. Thirdly, CEA can maximize production per unit area using precision technologies, such as soilless agriculture, sensors, and advanced technologies like Big data analytics, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT). Fourthly, CEA applications can be energy efficient, with changes to facility design, HVAC, lighting, and incorporation of distributed generation technology reducing electricity consumption by up to 75%. Lastly, CEA facilities provide controlled environments for phenotyping and studying plant responses to stress conditions, aiding in the breeding of climate-adapted crops.
How does the SVM algorithm work?5 answersThe Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm is a robust machine learning algorithm used for classification, regression, and outlier detection. It requires tuning the regularization parameter (RP) to control model capacity and generalization performance. The optimum RP is typically found through the Cross-Validation (CV) procedure, which involves comparing a range of values. For non-linearly separable data, SVM uses kernels, and a grid of kernels with different parameters is considered. The optimal choice of RP and the grid of kernels is determined through the grid-search of CV. By analyzing the behavior of the regularization parameter, the SVM performance can be modeled as a function of the separability and scatteredness (S&S) of the data. The S&S ratio-based table provides the optimum RP, which can automatically detect linear or non-linear separability before using the SVM algorithm. The S&S ratio-based table can also provide the optimum kernel and its parameters. This approach reduces the computational complexity of the CV grid-search.
What are the disadvantages of using the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) method for human detection?5 answersThe disadvantages of using the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) method for human detection are its slow computation speed, limitations with scale changes and illumination changes, and the occurrence of false detections. The slow computation speed of HOG limits its application in real-time systems. HOG descriptors are also sensitive to scale changes and illumination changes, which can affect the accuracy of object recognition. Additionally, false detections can occur when using HOG for human detection, which can lead to inaccurate results.
What is controlled environment agriculture?4 answersControlled environment agriculture (CEA) is an approach for crop cultivation that involves managing certain parameters of the growing environment to promote better plant health and development, reduce pests and diseases, increase yield, and improve resource management. CEA can be implemented in various settings, including urban environments, and offers benefits such as increased resource efficiency, productivity, and climate resiliency. It utilizes technologies like hydroponics, aquaponics, and aeroponics, and incorporates precision technologies such as big data analytics, robotics, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things. Energy-intensive processes are often associated with CEA, but there are potential energy efficiency technologies that can enhance sustainability and profitability, such as changes to facility design, HVAC systems, lighting, and the use of distributed generation technology. Future research in areas like real-time monitoring of nutrition and pest management is needed to maximize production in controlled environments.
What are some of the environmental impacts of uncontrolled land use?4 answersUncontrolled land use has significant environmental impacts. It leads to the decline in the population of insect species, loss of biodiversity, climate change, and environmental pollution. Land use change affects soil erosion, sedimentation, and soil microbiome, which in turn affects land productivity, food security, and water quality. Land-use practices and patterns can create air and water pollution problems, erosion and sedimentation problems, storm-water runoff problems, modifications to the microclimate, and degradation of water quality. Land-use alteration caused by anthropogenic activities has serious consequences on the quality of water and air. Global land use changes, such as expansion of croplands, pastures, plantations, and urban areas, have led to considerable losses of biodiversity and potentially undermine the capacity of ecosystems to sustain food production, maintain freshwater and forest resources, regulate climate and air quality, and ameliorate infectious diseases.
What are the current study on control environment under internal control?5 answersThe current studies on control environment under internal control focus on various aspects. One study examines the control environment in the Inspectorate of Nagekeo Regency, finding that while most variables receive a quite-adequate score, attention is needed for the enforcement of integrity and ethics and the formulation and implementation of human resource development policies. Another study emphasizes the impact of the control environment on the effectiveness of the internal control system, with principles such as commitment to integrity and ethics and accountability enforcement significantly influencing the system's effectiveness. Additionally, a study highlights the importance of the internal audit environment in ensuring effective internal control, providing an evaluation index tabulation to assess the elements that affect internal controls. Lastly, a study explores the control environment in Indonesia's local governments, emphasizing the role of control environment discretion in fraud deterrence and the potential loopholes in government control systems.