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How does the stroke plane angle affect the efficiency of a flapping flight system? 


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The stroke plane angle significantly influences the efficiency of a flapping flight system. Varying the stroke plane inclination angle affects aerodynamic performance, energy consumption, and wing flow structures. Optimizing the pitch angle kinematics in hover can maximize lift and hovering efficiency, with different profiles impacting force production and power requirements . Asymmetric deviation in stroke patterns can enhance lift generation but may slightly reduce efficiency, especially in cases with high stroke amplitude or low pitching amplitude. Inclined stroke planes near the ground alter vertical force generation, with dipole jet patterns serving as a tool for assessing kinematics and lift modification in micro aerial vehicles. Overall, the stroke plane angle plays a crucial role in determining the efficiency and performance of flapping flight systems.

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The stroke plane angle influences aerodynamic performance, energy consumption, and wing flow structures in a flapping airfoil system, as studied numerically with varying inclination angles in hovering flight.
The stroke plane angle asymmetry, like a "pear-shaped" deviation, can enhance lift but may slightly reduce efficiency due to increased power cost, altering vortex dynamics and lift generation mechanisms.
The stroke plane angle influences lift and efficiency in flapping flight. Trapezoidal profiles maximize lift, while sinusoidal profiles enhance hovering efficiency by 93% but reduce lift by 43%.
Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
Alexander Gehrke, Karen Mulleners 
5 Citations
The stroke plane angle optimization impacts lift and efficiency; trapezoidal profiles enhance lift with high angles of attack, while sinusoidal profiles improve efficiency with lower angles of attack.

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