How genetic affects obesity?
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Genetic factors play a significant role in obesity. Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease influenced by both genetic predisposition and environmental factors . The heritability of obesity varies across different body weight statuses, with a higher heritability observed in individuals with severe obesity . Monogenic obesity, caused by pathogenic variants in single genes, is associated with impaired satiety, hyperphagia, and early-onset obesity . The leptin-melanocortin pathway, involved in central nervous regulation of body weight, is often affected in monogenic obesity . Syndromic obesities, including genetic obesities, are rare and complex neuro-endocrine pathologies with a predominant genetic contribution . The prevalence of genetic forms of obesity is not well established due to missed or delayed diagnosis . Genetic testing is recommended for patients with rapid weight gain in infancy and additional clinical suggestive features to identify monogenic obesity and guide treatment options . Overall, understanding the genetic basis of obesity is crucial for personalized care and the development of effective treatment strategies .
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| The paper states that genetic forms of obesity contribute to approximately 7% of severe obesity in children and adolescents. However, the exact global prevalence of genetic forms of obesity is not well established due to missed or delayed diagnosis. | |
| The paper explains that genetic obesities, including monogenic and syndromic obesities, are rare and complex neuro-endocrine pathologies where the genetic contribution is predominant. It states that a central alteration of hypothalamic regulation of weight implies that the leptin-melanocortin pathway is responsible for the symptoms. | |
| The paper discusses how genetic factors, specifically polygenic and monogenic variants, interact with environmental factors to contribute to obesity. It also mentions the potential for genetic testing and personalized treatment options for individuals with genetic obesity traits. | |
53 Citations | The paper states that there is a genetic component to obesity, with genetics accounting for 40% to 50% of the variability in body weight. |
Related Questions
What are the genetic and environmental risk factors that contribute to childhood obesity?5 answersGenetic and environmental factors play crucial roles in childhood obesity. Genetic predisposition, influenced by both parental genetics and epigenetic modifications, can increase susceptibility to obesity in children. Environmental factors such as early intrauterine conditions, diet, physical activity, and exposure to pollutants also significantly impact childhood obesity risk. Studies highlight the interplay between genetic and environmental factors, showing how they can either promote or inhibit the development of obesity in children. Understanding these complex interactions is essential for precise prevention and management strategies tailored to individual genetic backgrounds, emphasizing the need for comprehensive public health policies addressing both genetic and environmental influences on childhood obesity.
What specific genes have been identified as playing a role in the development of obesity?4 answersGenes implicated in obesity development include those in the leptin-melanocortin pathway like LEPR, PCSK1, POMC, MC3R, and MC4R. Additionally, genes such as FTO, LEP, PPARG, MC4R, INSIG2, PCSK1, ADRB2, and UCP2 have been identified as potential contributors to obesity. HOGA1 has been highlighted as a causal gene for obesity, affecting body mass index through adipogenesis regulation. Genetic factors, either monogenic or polygenic, interact with environmental influences to impact obesity risk, with variations in genes like HOGA1 and those in the leptin-melanocortin pathway playing crucial roles. Identifying these genetic variants early can aid in personalized clinical interventions and the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for obesity management.
How genetic factors causes of obesity in children?5 answersGenetic factors play a significant role in the development of obesity in children. Research has shown that obesity can be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, with over 1100 genetic loci identified to be associated with obesity traits. These genetic variations contribute to the complex metabolic imbalance of obesity, affecting appetite regulation, energy balance, and glucose/lipid homeostasis. Genome-wide association studies have revealed numerous genetic variants contributing to the heritability of obesity, with the FTO gene being a key player in obesity risk. Additionally, epigenetic factors, such as changes in gene expression without altering DNA sequence, have been linked to obesity inheritance, highlighting the impact of environmental influences on gene expression and phenotype. Understanding the interplay between genetic and environmental factors is crucial for developing targeted interventions to address childhood obesity effectively.
How much of obesity is genetic?4 answersObesity has a significant genetic component, with estimates ranging from 25% to 70% of cases being attributed to genetic factors. Genetic abnormalities are responsible for up to 70% of severe, early onset obesity. Common obesity is a multifactorial trait, with heritability estimates ranging from 40% to 70%. Genetic epidemiologic research has identified numerous genomic regions and candidate genes associated with obesity-related phenotypes. Multiple genes, environmental factors, and behavior interact to contribute to obesity. The level of heritability for human obesity varies depending on the severity of the condition, with more severe forms having a stronger genetic susceptibility. Overall, genetic factors play a significant role in the development of obesity, but the exact contribution varies among individuals and populations.
How genetic influence Height?5 answersGenetic factors play a significant role in determining human height. Studies of twins have shown that up to 80% of height variation is due to genetic factors. Genome-wide studies have identified specific DNA markers and genes associated with height. For example, a study on individuals of European ancestry identified nearly 10,000 DNA markers that explain the influence of common genetic variants on height. Another study found a significant correlation between a variant of the GHSR gene and height in men. Additionally, a study on twin cohorts from different regions found that the relative genetic contribution to height increases with age, with the greatest contribution observed in adolescence. Overall, while genetic factors explain a major proportion of height variation, it is likely that multiple genes with small individual effects contribute to the genetic architecture of height.
What is the relative impact of genes on obesity?5 answersGenes have a significant impact on obesity, with estimates suggesting that genetic factors contribute to 40-70% of obesity cases. The heritability of obesity varies depending on body weight status, with higher heritability observed in individuals with obesity and severe obesity. Monogenic obesity, caused by mutations in specific genes, accounts for a portion of obesity cases, particularly in early childhood. Common DNA variants explain approximately two-thirds of the heritability of body mass index (BMI), while low-frequency and rare variants account for the remaining fraction. The effect size of obesity-associated variants is generally small, with most alleles contributing only a few grams or less to body weight. The genetic risk for obesity is influenced by thousands of DNA variants, making genetically based prevention and treatment of obesity challenging. Overall, genetics plays a substantial role in the predisposition to obesity, but the interplay between genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors is complex.