How can abr be used to find hearing threshold?4 answersThe Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) can be utilized to estimate hearing thresholds objectively and efficiently. ABR involves recording electric potentials from the auditory nervous system in response to auditory stimuli, such as tone-burst sounds, which activate the auditory nerve and brainstem auditory nuclei. By analyzing the waveform morphology and neural responses at different stimulus intensities, ABR can determine the lowest audible sound pressure, known as the hearing threshold. Various methods have been developed to enhance ABR threshold determination, including adaptive procedures that iteratively fit models to collected data, reducing the number of stimuli levels required for accurate estimation. These advancements aim to improve accuracy, efficiency, and objectivity in assessing hearing thresholds, benefiting both animal research and clinical audiometry.
What is motor threshold?4 answersMotor threshold (MT) is a critical measure in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) experiments, representing the minimum stimulation intensity required to induce a motor response. Studies have shown that MT can vary based on factors such as the direction of stimulation, muscle activity, and individual characteristics. The MT is essential for determining the appropriate stimulation parameters in motor cortex stimulation (MCS) to avoid adverse effects like seizures. Research suggests that predicting an individual's effective stimulation voltage as a percentage of their MT can enhance the efficacy of MCS for conditions like neuropathic pain. Understanding MT variations and their impact on cortical excitability is crucial for optimizing therapeutic strategies and predicting motor responses to TMS in both primary motor and premotor areas.
What is the odor threshold value?5 answersThe odor threshold value refers to the minimum concentration of odorant stimulus required for detection in a specified percentage of the population. It is not a fixed physiological fact or physical constant, but rather a statistical representation based on the best estimate values from a group of individual respondents. Various studies have been conducted to determine odor threshold values for different compounds using different methods. For example, Nagata used the Japanese triangular bag method to obtain odor detection thresholds for 193 compounds, which were then correlated using a linear equation. Another study reviewed over seven years of odor sample results from wastewater treatment plants and provided statistical overview of odor threshold values for different processes. Additionally, a model was developed using a large set of organic compounds to predict odor threshold values based on their characteristics. The determination of odor threshold values can vary depending on the methodology and the specific compounds being studied.
What are the factors that affect two-point threshold?5 answersThe factors that affect two-point threshold include temperature, pressure, age, and gender. Studies have shown that the temperature of objects in contact with the skin can intensify their apparent pressure on the skin, leading to a sharpening of spatial acuity. Additionally, the ability to distinguish two points put to the skin at the same time varies with age, with two-point discrimination values increasing with age. Furthermore, there is a significant difference in two-point discrimination values between genders, with females generally having more sensitivity than males. These findings suggest that temperature, pressure, age, and gender all play a role in influencing the two-point threshold.
How does the presence of the hole affect the threshold?3 answersThe presence of a hole can greatly enhance the directionality of emission and leave the threshold gain intact in a two-dimensional model of a circular-disk microcavity laser. The crack growth from a circular hole in a cylindrical specimen can favor self-centering and highly circular crack growth, enabling tightly repeatable results especially for threshold testing. A dynamic threshold with hole padding algorithm is proposed to improve the efficiency and robustness of image binarization algorithms for fingerprint recognition. In InAlAs/InGaAs high electron mobility transistors, the potential profile changes as the sheet concentration of holes increases, leading to an increase in the threshold voltage. The presence of a double-hole structure in photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers can affect the lasing wavelength and threshold pumping densities, with the lowest threshold mode switching as the double-hole shift exceeds a certain value.
What is the acceptable threshold for calibration of tobii?5 answersThe acceptable threshold for calibration of tobii is not mentioned in the provided abstracts.