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How much waste heat is generated from power stations globally?

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Global power stations generate a substantial amount of waste heat annually. The International Energy Agency reported that in 2014, around 37,000 TW h of waste heat was produced from thermal sources, with an average efficiency of approximately 33% . In the US alone, over 96 · 10^6 TJ of waste heat was emitted annually in 2010, which accounted for more than 57% of the energy produced, indicating a significant global scale of waste heat generation . The industrial sector contributes significantly to waste heat production, with approximately 50% of its energy consumption lost as waste heat, emphasizing the magnitude of this issue . Waste heat from internal combustion engines, such as those used in vehicles, also contributes to this phenomenon, with more than two-thirds of the fuel energy being discharged as waste heat .

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Open access•Journal Article•DOI The thermoelectric generators use for waste heat utilization from conventional power plant Karol Sztekler, Krzysztof T. Wojciechowski, Maciek Komorowski - Show less +2 more 01 Jan 2017 16 Citations	Approximately 370 · 10^6 TJ (10.4 · 10^10 MWh) of waste heat is generated annually from power stations globally, with the US contributing over 96 · 10^6 TJ (2.7 · 10^10 MWh).
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Current Climate Impact of Heating From Energy Usage A. T. J. de Laat 16 Dec 2008-Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 7 Citations	Global power stations generate waste heat equivalent to 15.5 terawatts of primary energy consumption, with an average of 0.03 watts per square meter, impacting local surface temperatures.
Book Chapter•DOI The Combined Heat and Power Resource: Estimating the Potential Paul Breeze 01 Jan 2018 1 Citations	Approximately 37,000 TW h of waste heat is generated globally from power stations, with an average efficiency of around 33% in 2014.
Open access•DOI Utilizing Industrial Waste Heat for Power Generation Using sCO2 Cycles Soliman, Hady, R., Þórsson, Björn, J., Silvia Trevisan, Rafael Guédez - Show less +3 more 30 Mar 2021 5 Citations	Not addressed in the paper.
Open access•Journal Article Utilization Waste Heat for Power Generation Patel Priyam Bharatbhai, J Patel Hemal - Show less +1 more 01 Apr 2020-Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research 1 Citations	Not addressed in the paper.

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