What is the concept and types of regional integration?5 answersRegional integration refers to the process where countries in a specific geographic region come together to develop mutually beneficial agreements to promote economic cooperation and political stability. Different types of regional integration include free trade agreements, customs unions, common markets, economic unions, and political unions. These integration forms vary in the level of economic cooperation they entail, from simply removing tariffs among member countries to harmonizing economic policies and even achieving political unity. The movement towards regional integration has been a significant trend globally, with various regions forming trading blocs like NAFTA in the Americas, exploring cross-border economic integration mechanisms like CEPA between Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, and establishing regional health care delivery models like the Local Health Integration Networks in Ontario.
What are the factor lead to a greater integration of the Asian Region?5 answersThe greater integration of the Asian region is influenced by several key factors. Firstly, the rise in intra-regional and overall trade within Asia is driven by factors such as the size of the economy and access to mobile phones. Additionally, the development of deep financial connections within the region plays a crucial role in enhancing integration and reducing vulnerability to external financial shocks. Moreover, the phenomenon of vertical unbundling of production tasks, leading to the specialization of niche industries with lower costs, has significantly contributed to the integration of Asian economies through the growth of intraregional trade in parts and components. Overall, these factors collectively promote economic ties, trade liberalization, and financial cooperation, fostering greater integration within the Asian region.
How do neighboring countries important?5 answersNeighboring countries play a significant role in various aspects. They have a strong influence on trade and economic integration, determining the amount of exports between countries. They also affect the amount of remittances between source and recipient countries, with neighboring countries playing a crucial role in the prediction of remittance flows. In the case of iron ore resources, neighboring countries are important sources for meeting the demand of domestic industries. Additionally, neighboring nations' institutions can independently impact a country's comparative advantage in contract-intensive goods, potentially influencing productive specialization. Overall, neighboring countries have a significant impact on trade, remittances, resource acquisition, and specialization in various industries.
How eu integration cause regional disparities or inequality?5 answersEU integration has been found to contribute to regional disparities or inequality. The deepening and widening processes of EU integration have exacerbated intraregional disparities, leading to a restratification of Europe and an increase in inequality among households. Within-country inequality is an important component of overall inequality across European regions, and regional inequality has increased in most EU countries over time. The advances in national GDP per capita initially increase regional inequality, but beyond a certain threshold, richer countries tend to experience lower levels of regional inequality. The opening of national borders to international markets is associated with higher regional inequality in the EU countries. Furthermore, economic globalization, which is closely linked to EU integration, has been found to significantly increase regional income disparities, with low-income regions being the losers and high-income regions being the winners.
What are the main theories of regional economic integration?4 answersThe main theories of regional economic integration can be categorized into three groups: general economic factors and effects, market-related factors and effects, and trade-related factors and effects. Economic integration is the unification of economic policies between different states through the abolition of trade restrictions, leading to lower prices and increased economic productivity. The role of growth poles in economic integration has been overlooked, despite their importance in connecting major urban centers and driving regional and global economic systems. Grand theories of integration developed with the European experience in mind can also be applied beyond Europe, but their applicability needs to be examined. The literature on economic integration theories provides a survey of traditional and new theories, with a focus on the special needs of developing countries and the political incentives for integration.
Can the proximity of countries influence their performance?3 answersThe proximity of countries can influence their performance. Research has shown that country proximity is a significant factor in the movie-release decision, with closer countries more likely to release movies during periods of low demand. Additionally, country proximity leads to better performance in terms of box-office revenues and the probability of releasing films on high-grossing weekends. Spatial proximity has also been found to have interlinkages with cross-border entrepreneurial knowledge spillovers in microfinance institutions, affecting their performance in terms of return-on-asset, number of active borrowers, and average loan per borrower. Furthermore, geographic proximity and technological proximity have been found to influence firms' innovative performance. The concept of proximity has gained attention in strategic management, as it is perceived as a significant factor in leveraging the effectiveness and performance of organizations and inter-organizational networks.