In SHAP, how to deal feature redundancy ?5 answersIn SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanation), feature redundancy is addressed by decomposing feature contributions into synergistic, redundant, and independent components through a S-R-I decomposition of SHAP vectors. Additionally, a split-based convolutional operation called SPConv is proposed to handle features with similar patterns but uncertain redundancy in feature maps, allowing for less computation while maintaining essential details. This operation splits input feature maps into representative and uncertain redundant parts, processes them differently, and fuses the results effectively without the need for additional parameters. These methods help in reducing feature redundancy and improving the efficiency and accuracy of models in various applications, including electricity price forecasting and facial recognition.
What is the adherence to redundancy principle in videos?5 answersThe redundancy principle in videos, as outlined in various research papers, highlights the impact of presenting redundant information through visual aids like animation and on-screen text on learning outcomes. Studies emphasize that while eliminating redundant information can enhance learning, the redundancy effect may vary based on the type of visual aids used. Educational multimedia, such as instructional videos, play a crucial role in this aspect, with ongoing research projects focusing on designing learning videos in alignment with cognitive theories like Mayer's Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) and the Redundancy Principle (RP). Additionally, the use of streaming and non-streaming formats in educational presentations can influence the effectiveness of multimedia content in conveying instructional messages to students.
What is the redundancy of BET proteins?5 answersBET proteins, including BRD4, play a crucial role in the activation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) transcriptional program in beta cells. They are also involved in the regulation of immunoglobulin production in B cells. BET proteins recognize acetylated lysines in histones and master transcription factors to modify the transcriptional program. They have been found to be associated with chromatin and may modulate chromatin structure and affect transcription via a sequence-independent mechanism. The BET protein inhibitor iBET-762 has shown promising results in preventing diabetes in a mouse model of spontaneous autoimmune T1D and attenuating SASP in beta cells. These findings suggest that BET proteins are important epigenetic players in immune activation, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis, and they may be potential therapeutic targets for diseases such as organ transplantation and T1D.
How can the SHAP method be used to explain predictions made by machine learning models?3 answersThe SHAP method can be used to explain predictions made by machine learning models. It provides a way to evaluate the contribution of input attributes to model learning and understand how the model generates its predictions. SHAP values, based on game theory, offer an index for evaluating the influence of each feature on the forecasts made by the model. By using SHAP, explanations of the contribution of input variables to the individual predictions in a machine learning model can be obtained. This technique allows for the exploration of the capabilities of the model and provides insights into the factors influencing the predictions. It helps in understanding the relationships between the input and predicted variables, even in cases where the models behave as a 'black box'. Overall, SHAP provides a unifying interpretability framework that enhances the transparency and trustworthiness of machine learning models.
How much paper we waste because of data redundancy?3 answersPaper waste due to data redundancy is a significant issue. Redundant and correlated data produced by sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSN) contribute to data redundancy and increase network overhead. In the context of paper recycling, information and recycling container proximity have been found to influence a person's level of paper recycling. However, the effectiveness of paper recycling programs has plateaued, and paper products are the only materials that have increased in landfills over the past 25 years. While paper waste sorting can be improved using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and visual data, a rigorous feature analysis is necessary to determine the important features for successful separation of paper classes. The use of data redundancy elimination (DRE) techniques, such as packet-level DRE, can significantly reduce the amount of data to be transferred or stored, leading to bandwidth savings in various networks.
Why is LIME better than SHAP?5 answersLIME is not necessarily better than SHAP, but they have different strengths and weaknesses. LIME is particularly effective in dense segments of the data set, while SHAP performs better in sparse segments. This difference can be attributed to the bias-variance characteristics of the underlying estimators of LIME and SHAP. SHAP exhibits lower variance in sparse data settings due to the completeness constraint property inherent in SHAP, which acts as a regularizer. This constraint increases the bias of the SHAP estimator but decreases its variance, leading to a favorable bias-variance trade-off in high sparsity data settings. However, LIME can be faster than SHAP. A novel local explainability framework called Completeness-Constrained LIME (CLIMB) has been introduced, which incorporates the completeness constraint of SHAP into LIME and outperforms both LIME and SHAP in terms of speed and performance.