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How to design an air cannon for engine hail ingestion test?

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To design an air cannon for engine hail ingestion tests, it is crucial to consider the impact characteristics of hailstones on aircraft components. Simulated hailstones can be used to assess the effects on engine components like the fan assembly. A cycle deck model simulation incorporating physics of ingestion can aid in predicting engine responses during ground tests and in-flight encounters. Strengthening the aircraft structure and armor plating leading edges can protect against hail damage during penetration flights. For vertical landing aircraft like the F-35B JSF, understanding Hot Gas Ingestion (HGI) is essential, and the development of a Turbine Powered Simulator (TPS) can help characterize the ingestion experienced by the lift fan. By integrating insights from these studies, an effective air cannon design for engine hail ingestion tests can be achieved.

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Journal Article•DOI Development of an Armored - Aircraft for Probing Hailstorms W. R. Sand, R. A. Schleusener - Show less +1 more 01 Sep 1974-Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 9 Citations	Not addressed in the paper.
Proceedings Article•DOI The design, development and testing of a turbine powered simulator for hot gas ingestion testing Peter Curtis, Liping Xu, Paul Ford - Show less +2 more 03 Oct 2005-SAE transactions	Design an air cannon for engine hail ingestion test by developing a Turbine Powered Simulator (TPS) with a compressor and detailed design for accurate performance testing, as demonstrated in the research.
Proceedings Article•DOI Turbo-fan Engine Hail Ingestion * Simulation in a Cycle Deck Model Kattalaicheri Venkataramani, Bhagi Patel, Don Riemann - Show less +2 more 10 Jan 2005 1 Citations	Design an air cannon for engine hail ingestion test by simulating physics of hail ingestion, phase change effects, and engine responses in ground tests and in-flight encounters using a cycle deck model.
Open access•Proceedings Article•DOI Verification and numerical simulation of advanced composite inlet in compliance of airworthiness impact requirements Radek Doubrava, Martin Oberthor, Jan Raška, Petr Bělský, Karel Doubrava, Milan Dvořák - Show less +5 more 01 Jan 2019 1 Citations	Design an air cannon for engine hail ingestion test by utilizing test-verified numerical simulations, high-speed impact tests, and strain gauge measurements to ensure compliance with airworthiness requirements.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Studies into hail ingestion of turbofan engines using a rotating fan and spinner assembly H. Pant, Peter M. Render - Show less +1 more 01 Jan 1998-Aeronautical Journal 11 Citations	Design an air cannon for engine hail ingestion tests by considering impact position, fan speed, and splitter location to study ice distribution and bypass duct ice passage in turbofan engines.

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