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While Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing can be used as a cyber-defence technology to provide proactive cyber defence.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Dec 2017
10 Citations
This help to move a step ahead towards Digitalize India and Make In India.
Cyber-Ethics, Cyber-Safety, and Cyber-Security issues need to be integrated in the educational process beginning at an early age.

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What are the potential consequences of a successful cyber attack on smart cities and critical infrastructure?
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The potential consequences of a successful cyber attack on smart cities and critical infrastructure are multifaceted and severe, impacting various sectors and the society at large. Firstly, cyberattacks can lead to the theft of sensitive information, data destruction, or the disclosure of personal data, which can have serious consequences for the city’s viability and the safety of its inhabitants. The financial implications are also significant, with cybercriminals netting immense amounts of capital, indicating the lucrative nature of these attacks. Industrial Control Systems (ICS), which manage critical operations across different sectors, can be compromised, leading to shutdowns with major impacts such as production stoppages or safety implications for people, the environment, and assets. Smart cities, characterized by interconnected critical infrastructures, face increased risks of cyber threats that are well-organized, diverse, and sophisticated, challenging the privacy and security of citizens. Novel cyberattacks, such as adversarial attacks, can deceive physical security controls, causing remarkable physical damage and disruptions in power production, among other critical services. The cybercrime economy, thriving on attacks against cyber-physical systems, results in significant service disruptions and extensive data breaches, compromising the personally identifiable information of millions. Furthermore, the professionalization of attackers who can inflict damage or disrupt physical infrastructure by infiltrating digital systems controlling physical processes has increased the frequency, complexity, and targeted nature of these attacks. The transformation of people's work and life with the development of the Internet has created a vast space attracting malicious users, exploiting system vulnerabilities. These consequences underscore the urgent need for comprehensive cybersecurity measures to protect smart cities and critical infrastructure from the evolving threat landscape.
Why are immigrants abroad very active in homeland elections in japan?
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Immigrants abroad are very active in homeland elections in Japan due to the salience of homeland regional identities, which strongly influence their vote choice. This phenomenon is evident in the voting behavior of migrants from Poland and Ukraine, where regional backgrounds play a significant role in determining their political preferences. Additionally, factors such as assimilation, human capital, and past political behavior also impact immigrants' participation in homeland elections. Furthermore, the lack of understanding of the host country's political landscape and a preference for permanent residency over national citizenship contribute to immigrants' disengagement from the Japanese political process. Despite challenges, immigrants' transnational voting remains influenced by their regional origins and previous voting experiences, highlighting the complex interplay between identity, assimilation, and political participation.
Dependability in research is?
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Dependability in research refers to the reliability and trustworthiness of systems, networks, and cloud computing infrastructures. It encompasses factors like availability, security, and recoverability, crucial for ensuring the smooth operation of these systems. Researchers utilize tools like Stochastic Petri nets for modeling and analyzing the dependability of cluster systems, considering parameters like system availability and repair assurance. The concept of dependability has evolved over the years, with a shift towards incorporating new trends such as machine learning and blockchain technologies in research conferences. Understanding and enhancing dependability is essential for addressing vulnerabilities and ensuring the autonomy and efficiency of various technological and societal systems.
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What are the factors that influence voter turnout endogenously?
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What are the most commonly used security standard risk assessment methods in the industry?
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The most commonly used security standard risk assessment methods in the industry include the OCTAVE Allegro (OA), CORAS, COBRA, FAIR, Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), Security Level (SL) from IEC 62443, Safety Integrity Level (SIL) from IEC 61508, and methods compliant with ISA/IEC 62443-3-2 for cyber security risks in energy industries. These methods are crucial for assessing risks in various domains such as advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), industrial architectures, cloud computing platforms, and the automotive industry. While ISO 27001 methods are utilized for Alcohol Monitoring Systems (AMS) ISMS, the automotive security standard ISO/SAE 21434 provides principles for threat analysis and risk assessment (TARA) methods in the automotive domain. Standardizing these methods is essential for effective risk management and ensuring the security of critical systems.
Can personal belief affect the voter's decision?
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Personal beliefs can significantly impact a voter's decision-making process. Research indicates that individuals may vote based on the belief that their own actions matter, known as the voter's illusion and the belief in personal relevance. Moreover, studies show that a voter's subjective probability of being pivotal in an election can influence their likelihood of voting, even if these probabilities are often overestimated. Additionally, personal values can indirectly affect voting behavior through political value orientation, highlighting the importance of translating personal values into political ones for electoral impact. Furthermore, emotional reactions unrelated to public affairs, such as those triggered by local sports events, can influence voting decisions, challenging traditional notions of democratic competence and accountability.
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Multi-tenancy in cloud computing refers to the practice of multiple users or organizations sharing resources on a single physical device or platform. This concept is prevalent across various cloud service models like Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Multi-tenancy enables high resource utilization and cost optimization by allowing different clients to access the same instance of an application software simultaneously. It involves sharing databases, applications, and other resources among multiple "tenants" or users, while ensuring secure and fine-grained access control. Additionally, multi-tenancy plays a crucial role in enhancing network performance, security, and efficiency within cloud computing environments.
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Social media significantly influenced the 2024 elections in South Africa by shaping voter trust, loyalty, and voting intentions among the youth. Platforms like Twitter played a crucial role in disseminating political content and influencing opinions. Additionally, social media algorithms and bots altered the dynamics of elections in Africa, presenting both opportunities and challenges for democracies. Furthermore, the online community on South African Twitter showcased discriminatory behaviors towards immigrants, impacting political discourse and perceptions of citizenship. Negative political advertisements, like the banned 'i-ANC Ayisafani' video, sparked debates and influenced public opinion, showcasing the power of social media as a public sphere for political discourse. Overall, social media played a multifaceted role in shaping the narrative, influencing voter behavior, and fostering political engagement during the 2024 elections in South Africa.
What are the key factors that influence voter decision-making?
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Voter decision-making is influenced by various factors. Psychological processes, such as defense mechanisms and the "makes sense stopping rule," play a significant role in shaping voting decisions, often operating below conscious awareness. External information, particularly word-of-mouth (WOM) and electronic word-of-mouth (EWOM), also impacts decision-making, with voters prioritizing positive WOM information over negative information and favoring WOM over EWOM. Additionally, factors like personal identity, ethics, and perceived benefit are crucial in the decision-making process, as evidenced by a study on college-aged respondents' voting behavior. Furthermore, voter decision-making can be influenced by exposure to traditional media, such as newspapers and television, as seen in the low-involvement decision-making of young adult voters in Australia.