Are there any temperaturesensors using two thermistors for oceanographic use?5 answersTemperature sensing circuits for oceanographic use can indeed incorporate two thermistors. One such design involves a substrate material with multiple thermistors, including a first thermistor connected to a first conductive portion and a second thermistor connected to both a second conductive portion and a third conductive portion. Additionally, a combined temperature and conductivity sensor has been developed, utilizing a thermistor for temperature sensing and planar electrodes for conductivity measurements, showcasing high accuracy levels for both parameters. These sensor arrays are crucial for ocean temperature measurements, especially in regions like the Bay of Bengal warm pool, where precise and calibrated sensors are essential for understanding thermal stratification in upper-ocean layers.
What is internal cooking temperature for salmonella in meat product?5 answersThe internal cooking temperature required for the thermal inactivation of Salmonella in meat products varies depending on the type of meat and the cooking method. For example, in chicken wings, achieving an internal temperature of 73.8°C resulted in a reduction of 6.5 log10 CFU/wing of Salmonella. In breaded chicken products, such as breaded chicken breast portions, internal temperatures of 62.4 ± 4.0 °C in oven-browned samples and 35.0 ± 1.1 °C in fryer-browned samples were reached, leading to reductions of Salmonella to undetectable levels. Additionally, for beef prime rib, cooking to internal temperatures of 37.8 and 48.9°C resulted in reductions of 2.86 and 3.58 log CFU/g of Salmonella, respectively. These findings emphasize the importance of reaching specific internal temperatures to ensure the safety of meat products by eliminating Salmonella contamination.
Is there any publication on solitary wave based vibration control?5 answersResearch has been conducted on solitary wave-based vibration control in various contexts. One study focused on designing an internal solitary wave monitoring system for the South China Sea to provide early warnings for offshore activities. Another paper explored wave-based active vibration control for a membrane antenna structure in aerospace engineering, demonstrating effective vibration suppression through wave attenuation methods. Additionally, investigations into solitary-like surface waves in liquid films subjected to vibrations highlighted a decrease in wave amplitudes while maintaining wave speed, making them suitable for applications requiring immunity to external vibrations. These studies collectively contribute to the understanding and application of solitary wave principles in vibration control scenarios.
What is internal noise?5 answersInternal noise refers to distracting thoughts and emotions that divert an individual's attention from a task. It can hinder perception and cognitive abilities. Internal noise can be difficult to recognize and manage, as it is often not visible to others. Lifeguards, for example, may experience internal noise while on duty, which can affect their ability to focus on patrons in the water. In the context of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), internal noise has been proposed as a factor that influences perceptual abilities. Studies have shown increased internal noise in individuals with ASD, which can contribute to reduced perceptual efficiency and variability in ASD symptoms. In the field of hearing aid research, internal noise refers to the variability in noise levels generated by the hearing aid itself, which can be influenced by factors such as input level and adaptive features. In the context of brain research, internal noise is represented by the output of EEG measurements and is influenced by memory.
How does the climate change affect internal wave in South China Sea?5 answersGlobal warming is causing an intensifying trend in the wave climate of the South China Sea (SCS), with significant increases in significant wave height (SWH) and wave period (WP). This increase in wave climate is mainly due to the more frequent occurrence of gale events, which are linked to the intensification of El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activities. Additionally, internal waves (IWs) in the Northern South China Sea (NSCS) are expected to increase in activity through the 21st century due to warming in the upper ocean and changes in water column stratification. The NSCS has been a focus of numerical studies on internal solitary waves (ISWs), and accurate reproduction of ISW characteristics in the NSCS requires factors such as model resolution, tidal forcing, and stratification selection to be considered.
What are the properties of solitary wave solutions of nonlinear PDEs?4 answersSolitary wave solutions of nonlinear PDEs have several properties. They can be obtained through travelling wave reductions using new functions introduced by Kudryashov. These solutions can incorporate Helmholtz-type solitary waves and are part of a broad class of exact solutions in the dynamic theory of incompressible hyperelastic solids. The linear stability of these solutions is studied under certain assumptions. Soliton solutions can also be attained using the exp(−ϕ(ζ ))-expansion technique, which plays an essential role in the transportation of energy. The behavior of nonlinear fractional PDEs, including space-time fractional-order Boussinesq equations, breaking soliton equations, and SRLW equations, can be described using integration schemes, leading to various types of traveling wave solutions. Solitary pattern solutions for time-fractional nonlinear dispersive PDEs in the sense of conformable fractional derivative can be constructed using the residual fractional power series method.