How do the interactions between proteins and starches reduce the hardness of gluten free cookies?5 answersThe interactions between proteins and starches play a crucial role in reducing the hardness of gluten-free cookies. Protein addition increases hydration properties, dough consistency, and results in cookies with limited spreading, lower hardness, and darker color. In contrast, starch addition can reduce hydration properties but lead to cookies with higher thickness and width, without affecting texture and color significantly. Furthermore, the incorporation of whey protein and xylitol in lentil-based gluten-free cookies results in softer texture, while inulin enrichment increases hardness. These interactions between proteins and starches, along with other functional ingredients, influence the texture attributes of gluten-free cookies, making them softer or harder based on the specific formulation used.
What are the challenges in formulating gluten-free snacks?3 answersFormulating gluten-free snacks presents several challenges. One challenge is the need to create products with a desirable texture and sensory qualities, as gluten-free alternatives often have inferior quality compared to gluten-containing products. Another challenge is the lower protein, fiber, and mineral content in gluten-free snacks, which can be addressed by incorporating ingredients such as rice and buckwheat flour, egg white, whey protein, and mineral-rich ingredients like amaranth, buckwheat, or flaxseed flour. Additionally, the use of alternative starches, flours, hydrocolloids, and fiber sources can help mimic the functional and sensory effects of gluten in gluten-free products. Furthermore, the optimization of various functional aspects related to food processing, such as structure, flavor, texture, and nutrition, is crucial for successful replacement of wheat flour in gluten-free formulations. Despite ongoing efforts to improve gluten-free snacks, there is still a preference for refined, low-fiber breads over wholegrain fiber-rich breads among consumers.
What are the most common ingredients used in gluten-free snacks?3 answersGluten-free snacks commonly use a variety of ingredients such as rice flour, pea flour, chickpea flour, flax seeds, amaranth, finger millet, sorghum, black gram, and cactus pear peel powder. These ingredients are used to develop gluten-free snacks that are suitable for individuals with celiac disease or those following a gluten-free diet. The inclusion of these ingredients helps to provide alternative sources of nutrients and improve the nutritional profile of the snacks. Additionally, some studies have explored the use of additives such as asafoetida spice, gelatinized starch, and fruit powders (such as strawberry, chokeberry, and elderberry) to enhance the taste, texture, and nutritional properties of gluten-free snacks.
How can gluten free snacks be more convenient for on-the-go snacking?3 answersGluten-free snacks can be made more convenient for on-the-go snacking by using extrusion and biocatalysis technologies to create ready-to-eat products with a porous structure. Additionally, the inclusion of asafoetida spice in the recipe can improve the taste, aroma, and antioxidant properties of the snacks. Fruit pomaces, such as cherries, blackcurrants, and chokeberries, can also be utilized as a value-added component in gluten-free snacks, providing bioactive polyphenols and dietary fiber. Furthermore, the development of gluten-free snacks using chickpea flour and flax seeds has been explored, providing an effective alternative to wheat flour and a good source of energy, calcium, and other nutrients. By incorporating these technologies and ingredients, gluten-free snacks can be made more convenient, nutritious, and appealing for on-the-go snacking.
How can gluten-free snacks be made more convenient and on-the-go?3 answersGluten-free snacks can be made more convenient and on-the-go by utilizing extrusion and biocatalysis technologies. These technologies allow for the production of ready-to-eat snacks with a porous structure, without relying on the functional properties of gluten. Additionally, the use of flour composite mixtures, such as rice, pea, and chickpea flour, can enhance the taste, aroma, and antioxidant properties of gluten-free snacks. Fruit pomaces, such as cherries, blackcurrants, and chokeberries, can also be utilized as a value-added component in extruded corn snacks, providing bioactive polyphenols and dietary fiber. Furthermore, the incorporation of chickpea flour and flax seeds in gluten-free snacks can provide a nutritious alternative for individuals with celiac disease, offering a good source of energy, calcium, and other essential nutrients. Finally, the inclusion of tiger nut flour in rice-based formulations can improve the physiochemical characteristics and overall texture profile of gluten-free snacks.
How to make a cookie?5 answersTo make cookies, there are several methods described in the provided abstracts. One method involves stirring softened butter with sugar and salt, then adding egg liquid and stirring again. Low-gluten flour and milk powder are added to the mixture, which is stirred further. The dough is then shaped, sliced, and baked. Another method includes stirring flour, white granulated sugar, oil, egg liquid, dried cranberries, milk powder, edible salt, and coarse cereal powder together. The dough is then shaped, frozen, sliced, and baked, resulting in golden yellow cookies that are soft, not fragile, and rich in dietary fibers. Another method involves washing rice husk, drying it, crushing it, and mixing it with soybean powder. Butter and egg liquid are stirred together and added to low-gluten flour to prepare the dough. The dough is rolled into pieces, baked, and vacuum packed to produce cookies with low sugar and fat content.