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How was carbon footprint investigated in mega cities like Shanghai?

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The investigation of carbon footprint in mega cities like Shanghai involves various approaches. Studies have utilized models like the Markov model and the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) model to forecast energy structures and demands, aiding in understanding carbon emissions under different scenarios . Direct data tracking of consumer behaviors has shown significant influence on carbon footprints, highlighting the need for actual data collection to reduce errors in estimations . In terms of sludge management, strategies have shifted towards deep dewatering treatment followed by incineration, resulting in reduced carbon emissions per ton of dry solids over time . Establishing co-benefits indicator systems has also been employed to evaluate the effects of city policies on energy conservation and environmental sustainability, showcasing positive trends in efforts to reduce carbon and air pollution emissions in Shanghai .

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Open access•Journal Article•DOI Analysis of the Environmental Sustainability of a Megacity through a Cobenefits Indicator System—The Case of Shanghai Wen Qiao, Xing Sun, Ping Jiang, Linji Wang - Show less +3 more 09 Jul 2020-Sustainability 9 Citations	The carbon footprint in Shanghai was assessed through a co-benefits indicator system, focusing on greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution control, indicating positive progress and suggesting targeted environmental policies.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI A Megacity-Scale Analysis of Sludge Management and Carbon Footprint in China Gang Zhao, Jianguo Tang, Chuanting Zhou, Cong Wang, Xiaojie Mei, Yuanyuan Wei, Jingcheng Xu - Show less +6 more 14 Feb 2022-Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2 Citations	The carbon footprint in Shanghai was analyzed through different sludge treatment scenarios, with incineration showing lower emissions due to offset emissions from landfill gas recovery and other factors.
Proceedings Article•DOI A Simulation Based Investigation Considering Carbon Emissions in Shanghai 27 Jul 2022	Carbon emissions in Shanghai were analyzed using Markov and LEAP models to forecast energy structure, demand, and emission scenarios. Industrial adjustments and clean energy adoption were key strategies identified.
Journal Article•DOI The carbon footprint of household clothing washing in Shanghai during winter and spring based on empirical data Yuan Yuan, Luo Yan, Shuaitong Liang, Yang Li, Hongjian Qu, Xuemei Ding, Jiping Wang - Show less +6 more 15 Nov 2022-Textile Research Journal	The carbon footprint of household clothing washing in Shanghai during winter and spring was investigated through direct data tracking of three volunteer families, revealing significant consumer behavior influences.
Proceedings Article•DOI A Simulation Based Investigation Considering Carbon Emissions in Shanghai Peng Chen, Mingxing Guo, Chen-zhao Fu, Su-Wen Wang, Li Lan, Yuetong Huang - Show less +5 more 27 Jul 2022	The carbon emissions in Shanghai were investigated using a Markov model and LEAP model to forecast energy structure, demand, and emission reduction strategies for effective control and management.

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How was carbon footprint investigated in egacities??4 answersThe investigation of carbon footprints in megacities involved various methodologies and considerations. Studies have highlighted the positive association between per-capita carbon footprints of megacities with GDP per capita and ecological footprints, while noting negative associations with country income inequality, household electricity prices, and annual precipitation. Additionally, a hybrid method integrating top-down input-output analysis and bottom-up crowdsourced data was established to estimate the carbon footprints of global cities, emphasizing the significance of city purchasing power as a predictor of carbon footprints. Furthermore, the carbon footprint of endoscopy procedures was assessed, revealing substantial emissions due to resource-heavy decontamination processes and reliance on single-use consumables, with proposed mitigation strategies focusing on sustainability interventions and embracing the principles of "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle".

Can Urbanization Influence Carbon Dioxide Emissions?5 answersUrbanization can influence carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The studies show that the relationship between urbanization and CO2 emissions is nonlinear, following an inverted U-shaped or U-shaped pattern. The proportion of small cities contributes significantly to CO2 emissions, while the proportion of large cities has a mixed effect, reducing emissions initially but promoting them at higher levels of urbanization. Factors such as gross domestic product, industrial development, and transport infrastructure also contribute to CO2 emissions, while renewable energy generation reduces emissions. The studies also find bidirectional causality between urbanization and CO2 emissions. Recommendations include the use of renewable energy options, green urban infrastructure, and digital technologies to improve the environmental quality of urban areas.

What is a carbon footprint?5 answersA carbon footprint refers to the total amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted during a specific period by any activity or entity. It is measured in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq), which expresses the impact of each GHG in relation to the warming potential of CO2. The global average per capita carbon footprint in 2020 was estimated to be 4.47 Mg CO2eq, which is considered unsustainable. To limit global warming to 2°C, this value needs to be reduced to less than 2 Mg CO2eq. The major sources of human-caused GHG emissions are deforestation, livestock production, food waste disposal, and fossil fuel use in the agri-food systems. Land application of chemicals in agriculture is a significant factor in the carbon footprint. Strategies such as enhancing natural terrestrial carbon sequestration through agroforestry systems and integrated silvopastoral systems can help reduce the carbon footprint in the agriculture sector.

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How can a carbon footprint be measured?4 answersA carbon footprint can be measured by evaluating the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting from human activities. This parameter is used to assess the environmental impact of various entities such as buildings, hotels, companies, factories, production lines, products, events, and exhibitions. The measurement focuses on the six Kyoto gases, as mentioned in Sect. 1.6. The calculation of carbon footprint involves the use of methodologies like Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and PAS2050, with the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) being introduced to understand the statistical meaning of carbon footprint data, particularly in the processing sectors. There are three main types of carbon footprint: organisational, value chain, and product carbon footprint. The concept of carbon footprint originated from the ecological footprint, which is an accounting tool used to measure resource consumption and waste assimilation requirements. The quantity of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere by various human activities can be calculated using topics taught in a general chemistry course, such as stoichiometry, thermochemistry, the ideal gas law, and dimensional analysis. Large-scale experiments, like those in astrophysics collaborations, can estimate their main greenhouse gas emissions by quantifying activities and emission factors related to travel, digital usage, and hardware.

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