Is haem toxic to gram negative bacteria?
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Haem is toxic to gram-negative bacteria . The toxicity of haemoglobin (Hb) solutions, including cell-free Hb, has been demonstrated in animal models, resulting in various toxic effects such as fever, hypertension, thrombocytopenia, and activation of complement and coagulation cascades . Submicron-sized iron oxide particles, which contain haem, have been shown to have antimicrobial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains . Bacterial pathogens have evolved high-affinity iron acquisition strategies, including the utilization of heme, as an important iron source . However, excess iron and heme can be toxic to bacteria, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species and the regulation of intracellular iron and heme concentrations . Therefore, the toxicity of haem to gram-negative bacteria is evident from the literature .
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| Papers (5) | Insight |
|---|---|
| The paper does not directly mention whether hemoglobin is toxic to gram-negative bacteria. The paper primarily focuses on the toxicities of hemoglobin solutions in animals and the possible role of bacterial endotoxins in these toxic effects. | |
71 Citations | The paper does not directly state whether heme is toxic to gram-negative bacteria. The paper primarily focuses on the mechanisms of heme uptake and utilization by gram-negative bacterial pathogens. |
95 Citations | The paper does not directly state whether heme is toxic to gram-negative bacteria. |
43 Citations | The paper does not directly mention whether hematite (haem) is toxic to gram-negative bacteria. |
| The paper does not directly mention whether hemoglobin is toxic to gram-negative bacteria. The paper primarily focuses on the toxic effects of hemoglobin on animals and its interaction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). |
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