What constitutes effectiveness in IT governance?4 answersEffectiveness in IT governance encompasses various key elements. It involves aligning IT strategies with business objectives, active involvement of IT steering committees, a balance of business and IT representatives in decision-making, comprehensive IT strategies and policies, and the presence of executive leaders as project champions. Additionally, effective IT governance is characterized by the utilization of appropriate measurement techniques during project evaluations and extensive post-implementation assessments. Furthermore, the success of IT governance is influenced by factors such as the involvement of senior management in IT, organizational communication systems, and the capability level of IT governance mechanisms like the IT Steering Committee. Overall, effective IT governance plays a crucial role in mitigating risks, enhancing oversight, fostering project success, and delivering value in organizations.
How have trade policies affected economic efficiency in different countries over the past decade?5 answersTrade policies have had a significant impact on economic efficiency in various countries over the past decade. Research indicates that trade policy uncertainty reduces supply chain efficiency in listed companies, hindering export quantity and technological innovation. Studies show a bidirectional causality between economic efficiency and trade efficiency, with economic and institutional factors positively influencing trade and growth performance, especially in developing countries. Despite the shift in focus from trade policy to other trade frictions, evidence suggests that trade policy remains relevant, affecting outcomes like trade volumes, firm performance, labor markets, and long-run growth. Additionally, regulatory quality, customs efficiency, infrastructure, and access to finance impact export performance, with improvements in the investment climate crucial for convergence in export volumes among countries.
Governments: Do Many Countries Have Favorable Trade Policies for the Industry?4 answersMany countries have favorable trade policies for industries. These countries recognize the importance of establishing an enabling economic and policy environment that allows local firms to compete on a level-playing field and strengthen their competitive edge in international markets. Governments play a proactive role in adapting their policies as industries develop, ensuring a coherent approach to trade and structural adjustment. They also understand the need to constantly adapt to new sources of competition, growing wage levels, environmental constraints, technological advances, and demanding product and process standards. Some countries have even set up specific mechanisms or programs to enhance the competitiveness of existing export sectors and promote emerging non-traditional export industries. Overall, governments in many countries are actively involved in creating a favorable trade environment for industries.
How does government effectiveness impact innovations?5 answersGovernment effectiveness has a positive impact on innovation. Countries with well-established state bureaucracies and strong state traditions tend to increase their activities towards international integration through financial and trade openness. The introduction of digital public services, data capability, technology skills, and AI start-ups enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of government service delivery. Government policies and regulations can either promote or hinder innovation, depending on their stringency and focus. The effectiveness of public policies in the area of information and communications technology (ICT) can be analyzed through a framework that combines technological changes and changes to the overall value chain.
How does high tech imports impact productivity?5 answersHigh tech imports can have a significant impact on productivity. When imports involve advanced foreign technologies, they can generate learning that raises domestic productivity. Additionally, importing technology-intensive goods can lead to productivity spillovers, especially when the goods are obtained from countries with higher levels of development. These spillovers are larger for technology-intensive goods compared to unskilled-labor intensive goods. Furthermore, imported technologies, especially those of disembodied nature, have a positive and significant impact on productivity. Overall, high tech imports can enhance productivity by facilitating the transfer of knowledge and technology from abroad, leading to improved efficiency and competitiveness in the domestic economy.
Does globalization reduce tariffs?6 answers