scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Is PBI amorphous glassy polymers ? 


Best insight from top research papers

Yes, Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is not classified as an amorphous glassy polymer but rather as a high-performance polymer with exceptional properties. PBI stands out due to its high glass transition temperature, excellent thermal stability, and remarkable mechanical strength at elevated temperatures . In contrast, the research on amorphous lead halides, such as PbI2, focuses on their absorption spectra near the fundamental edge, showcasing typical characteristics like those obeying the Tauc law . Additionally, the study on moldable hollow glass-filled PBI compositions highlights the preparation method involving glass microspheres in a PBI solution, emphasizing the composite nature of the material . Therefore, while PBI is not an amorphous glassy polymer, it offers unique properties that make it suitable for high-temperature applications.

Answers from top 5 papers

More filters
Papers (5)Insight
Yes, PBI (polybenzimidazole) can form a moldable composition with glass microspheres, indicating its potential for an amorphous glassy state in the polymer matrix.
Not addressed in the paper.
Yes, PBI is a high-performance polymer with the highest glass transition temperature among commercially available organic polymers, indicating its amorphous glassy nature suitable for aerospace applications.
Yes, PBI (Poly(ether imide)) is an amorphous glassy polymer, as stated in the paper. It exhibits high Tg due to its aromatic and imide rings in the backbone chains.
Not addressed in the paper.

Related Questions

Is polylactic acid an amorphous or crystalline polymer?4 answersPolylactic acid (PLA) is a semicrystalline polymer that exhibits both amorphous and crystalline phases. The crystalline structure of PLA is directly related to its piezoelectric activity, with the β-crystalline phase being the piezoelectric one. PLA can crystallize in three different forms: α-, β-, and γ-form, with the β-form being the desired one for piezoelectric activity. The crystallinity and crystal modifications of PLA can be influenced by various factors such as preparation conditions and components. In addition to the crystalline regions, PLA also contains different amorphous fractions, including a bulk-like totally mobile amorphous fraction, a slightly constrained mobile amorphous fraction, and a rigid amorphous fraction located at the crystal-amorphous interface. The presence of these amorphous fractions affects the physical properties and behavior of PLLA, including its melting behavior.
What is the role of amorphous phase in the thermal stability of polymers?5 answersThe amorphous phase plays a crucial role in the thermal stability of polymers. Incorporating amorphous drugs into polymeric components has been shown to enhance the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The addition of crystalline polymers into bitumen/SBS blends improves the thermal stability of the blends. Designing thermally conductive polymers requires understanding the relationship between molecular morphology and thermal conductivity in bulk amorphous polymers. Increasing the intrinsic thermal conductivity of amorphous polymers is important for their usage in thermal management applications. The amorphous phase affects the phase structure, rheological properties, and thermal stability of polymers. The molecular morphology, including the radius of gyration and persistence length, influences the thermal conductivity of amorphous polymers. Therefore, the amorphous phase is a key factor in determining the thermal stability and conductivity of polymers.
Do the physical properties of glasses depend on the density of oxygen ions?5 answersThe physical properties of glasses can be influenced by the concentration of certain ions in the glass matrix. For example, in lithium-borosulfophosphate glasses, the density and refractive index increase proportionally with the concentration of Dy2O3 and Eu2O3, while the molar volume exhibits the opposite behavior. In bismuth borophosphate glasses doped with Er3+ ions, the density tends to decrease with increasing Er2O3 concentration, while the molar volume tends to increase. Additionally, the density and molar volume of borosilicate glasses doped with Dy3+ ions increase with the concentration of Dy2O3. These findings suggest that the physical properties of glasses can depend on the concentration of certain ions, but it is not explicitly mentioned in the abstracts whether the physical properties depend on the density of oxygen ions specifically.
How does the addition of Bi2O3 affect the structure and properties of PbO-P2O5 glasses?5 answersThe addition of Bi2O3 to PbO-P2O5 glasses affects their structure and properties. The density and molar volume of the glasses decrease with increasing PbO concentration (decreasing Bi2O3). The refractive index, molar refractivity, and ionic polarizability also decrease with the increase of PbO concentration. The presence of Bi2O3 in the glasses leads to the depolymerization of the phosphate links and the creation of Bi-O-P groups. The incorporation of PbO into the glasses forms [PbO6] units, while Bi2O3 affects the network with [BiO6] structural units. The addition of Bi2O3 improves the radiation shielding capabilities of the glasses, as indicated by the increase in linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) values. Overall, the addition of Bi2O3 influences the structure, optical, and radiation shielding properties of PbO-P2O5 glasses.
How do the properties of geopolymers made with glass compare to those made with other materials?5 answersGeopolymers made with glass exhibit different properties compared to those made with other materials. Glass-based geopolymers have a denser gel phase and improved mechanical properties when a low content of glass powder (5%-10%) is introduced. The addition of glass powder also reduces the water loss rate and drying shrinkage of the samples, leading to improved durability. Glass particles introduce a higher extent of alkalinity to the system, resulting in different kinetics of the geopolymer reaction and a denser and stronger final binder. In contrast, other materials such as clay, sand, and wood ash are used in the preparation of geopolymers, and their composition affects the geopolymer formation process and properties. The curing temperature and duration also play a role in the properties of inorganic polymeric materials, with over-curing resulting in visible cracking and diminished compressive strength.
Amorphous polymers and melting point4 answersAmorphous polymers have a melting point (Tm) that is distinct from their glass transition temperature (Tg). The melting point of a crystalline polymer depends on the proportion of amorphous material in its structure. The melting point is determined by the characteristics of the crystalline parts, such as the thickness of the crystalline lamellae. The molar heat of fusion and entropy change during melting are independent of the thickness of the crystalline lamellae. The thermodynamic equilibrium between crystalline and amorphous phases in polymers is influenced by the fringed micelle model. The interaction between the crystalline and amorphous phases can occur at the lateral end of polymeric chains incorporated into the crystalline phase. The melting behavior of semicrystalline polymers is complicated due to the conformational transformation of chain segments during melting.

See what other people are reading

What is the current understanding of the biodegradable ceramic biomaterial mechanism of degradation?
5 answers
The current understanding of the mechanism of degradation in biodegradable ceramic biomaterials involves various factors. Bioceramics can interact with the biological environment, triggering different responses such as inflammation, tissue encapsulation, and surface modifications. The degradation process is influenced by the material's composition, structural features, and chemical reactivity. Bioceramics can be bioinert, resorbable, or bioactive, with their stability and reactivity varying based on factors like crystallinity, particle size, and crystalline defects. Additionally, the immune system plays a crucial role in regulating the biodegradation of bone biomaterials, with T-cell-mediated immune responses impacting the formation of foreign body giant cells and promoting bioceramic degradation. Understanding these interactions is essential for optimizing the properties of implantable materials for better biodegradability and efficacy.
Advantages onlay zirconia than onlay composite?
5 answers
Zirconia onlays offer several advantages over composite onlays. Zirconia provides superior wear resistance, making it a durable option for patients prone to occlusal wear. Additionally, zirconia exhibits high fracture resistance, as demonstrated in a study comparing zirconia endocrowns and onlays. Its mechanical properties, including high compression strength and resistance to crack propagation, make zirconia a reliable material for dental restorations. Furthermore, zirconia-reinforced ceramics, like ZRC, have shown the highest hardness, elasticity, and fracture toughness compared to composite materials. These characteristics make zirconia onlays a favorable choice due to their longevity, strength, and resistance to wear and fractures when compared to composite onlays.
What are the mechanisms from experimental perspective that include the chemical reaction after injecting co2 into reservoir?
7 answers
Experimental investigations into the mechanisms of CO2 injection into reservoirs have elucidated a variety of chemical reactions and physical processes that enhance oil recovery and influence reservoir and caprock integrity. One primary mechanism observed is the first-contact-miscible (FCM) and immiscible (IM) CO2 injections, where CO2 miscibility with oil facilitates enhanced oil recovery through mechanisms such as swelling and vaporization, significantly impacting oil recoveries by altering pore pressure and capillary forces. Geochemical reactions between CO2-rich fluids and host rocks, particularly in caprock integrity, involve carbonate dissolution and the formation of secondary carbonates, which are critical for CO2 retention and highlight the importance of gas–water–rock interactions. The injection of urea solution as a CO2-generating agent introduces a novel approach, where urea decomposition leads to CO2 and ammonia production, affecting oil viscosity and swelling, and potentially reducing interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and water phases, thereby enhancing oil recovery. Chemical reactions during CO2 injection also include the dissolution and precipitation of minerals, which can alter reservoir permeability and porosity, with orientation affecting the extent of these reactions. Reduced-scale CO2 release experiments have identified ion exchange, sorption/desorption, and silicate/carbonate dissolution as mechanisms affecting hydrogeochemical behavior in groundwaters. Experimental models in formations like the Ordos Basin have demonstrated the filtration mechanism of fluid in formation rock, emphasizing the role of cyclic injection parameters on displacement efficiency. In-situ experiments have shown that clay minerals can react with supercritical CO2 to produce carbonate phases through ion exchange–precipitation and dissolution–reprecipitation reactions, affecting reservoir conditions. Chemical-mechanical coupling due to mineral mass removal and compaction has been identified as impacting the long-term storage capacity and integrity of reservoirs and caprocks. Dissolution kinetics studies of carbonates and feldspar group minerals under CO2 injection conditions have revealed temperature and pH as significant factors influencing dissolution mechanisms and secondary mineral formation. Lastly, the in-situ CO2 EOR (ICE) approach has quantified the contributions of oil swelling and viscosity reduction to recovery factors, highlighting the complex interplay of chemical reactions in enhancing oil recovery.
What is the wavelength of UV light with maximal absorbance by purified protein?
5 answers
The wavelength of UV light with maximal absorbance by purified protein varies depending on the specific protein being studied. For instance, myosin B solution shows maximum absorption at 278 nm, while a protein assay at 187 nm allows quantitation of proteins in aqueous solutions. Additionally, exposure to UV light between 290-320 nm induces aggregation in crystallin proteins. Electronic absorption spectra of proteins typically range from 185-320 nm, with some proteins exhibiting absorption beyond 350 nm. Moreover, a study comparing absorbance readings for protein determination at 600 nm using different instruments showed high correlation values. Therefore, the maximal absorbance wavelength for purified protein can vary based on the protein type and experimental conditions.
What are the recent invention of plastic substitutes?
5 answers
Recent inventions of plastic substitutes include a nacre-inspired composite film with high transmittance and toughness, a method utilizing hemicellulose from plants to prepare a plastic substitute with enhanced waterproof properties, and the development of flexible calcium phosphate nanofibers forming a hierarchically structured bulk hybrid mineral as an environmentally friendly and degradable plastic substitute. Additionally, a method for manufacturing plastic-substitute goods using agricultural and wood byproducts, along with natural adhesives and resins, has been disclosed, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional plastics. These innovations address the urgent need for biodegradable and eco-friendly alternatives to conventional plastics, showcasing advancements in material science and sustainable manufacturing processes.
Pmma antibiotic loaded bone cements are bad?
5 answers
Antibiotic-loaded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cements are commonly used in orthopedic surgeries to prevent and treat prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). However, studies have shown that there are concerns regarding the mechanical properties of these cements over time, especially in the context of two-stage revision surgeries for PJIs. Additionally, the use of gentamicin sulfate in these cements may face challenges due to microbial resistance, leading to the exploration of alternative formulations like antibiotic-free antimicrobial PMMA bone cements. Despite these drawbacks, efforts are being made to enhance the elution profiles and antimicrobial efficacy of PMMA bone cements by incorporating materials like carbon nanotubes. Therefore, while PMMA antibiotic-loaded bone cements have benefits in infection prevention, there are ongoing considerations and developments to address their limitations.
How to solve the problem of low crystallization of recycled PET?
5 answers
To address the issue of low crystallization in recycled PET, several approaches can be considered. One method involves utilizing a reactive terpolymer like ethylene-butyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (EBA-GMA) to increase impact strength and compensate for reduced stiffness and heat resistance through thermal annealing. Another effective strategy is to implement a PET recycling methodology that involves melt-pretreatment to suppress crystalline domains, leading to enhanced depolymerization efficiency and reduced energy consumption during the process. Additionally, incorporating isophthalate content in PET materials can influence crystallinity and mechanical properties, with specific isophthalate grades showing comparable crystallinity to virgin high-modulus low-shrink materials. Furthermore, the use of reactive compatibilizers like (HDPE-g-MA) can improve the mechanical properties of PET/HDPE blends by enhancing phase dispersion and adhesion, ultimately increasing crystallinity and achieving uniform phase morphology.
How much is adhesibe force of acrylic adhesive case when change temperature?
5 answers
The adhesive force of acrylic adhesives changes significantly with temperature variations. Acrylic adhesives can exhibit improved initial adhesion force and reduced stripping force when subjected to specific temperature ranges. For instance, a heat-changing adhesive for electronic materials shows a reduction in stripping force by 60-90% at temperatures between 40-90°C, prolonging the adhesive surface's service life. Additionally, a high-temperature curing acrylic adhesive can reach its highest coating temperature between 130-150°C, forming a protective film with direct adhesive force after full volatilization. Moreover, a temperature-sensitive pressure-sensitive adhesive containing a temperature-sensitive resin demonstrates lowered adhesive force below the resin's glass transition point, allowing for easy peeling after exposure to high temperatures.
What is wear?
5 answers
Wear is the process of material removal from a solid surface due to the action of another surface or friction. It can lead to gradual damage, deformation, or change in surface geometry, often causing failure in engineering applications. Various wear mechanisms exist, including abrasive, adhesive, fretting, fatigue, erosive, and corrosive wear, each influenced by factors like surface finish, geometry, sliding speed, and material hardness. The wear regime maps help characterize wear behavior under different operating conditions, aiding in material selection for design purposes. Wear can be categorized into mechanical wear dominated by material behavior and chemical wear, with different interaction surfaces like sliding, rubbing, and erosion affecting wear rates non-uniformly. The formation of wear particles is influenced by strain state, material nature, and working conditions, with harder materials and surface roughness playing significant roles.
What is the absorption spectrum of beta-carotene?
5 answers
The absorption spectrum of beta-carotene has been extensively studied using quantum chemistry and dynamics simulations. These studies reveal that beta-carotene exhibits a complex absorption spectrum due to the involvement of numerous vibrational modes during the S0 -> S2 optical excitation. Additionally, two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-section spectra of beta-carotene show distinct peaks at 650 nm with an absorption cross-section of approximately 5000 GM, indicating its unique optical properties. Furthermore, two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2D) experiments shed light on the ultrafast energy dissipation network in beta-carotene, providing insights into its electronic structure and spectral densities contributing to the observed optical lineshapes. The absorption properties of beta-carotene in solution were also investigated using the open-aperture z-scan technique, revealing significant two-photon absorption coefficients in the 725-790 nm wavelength range.
How can machine learning algorithms be used to improve the accuracy of ceramic properties prediction?
5 answers
Machine learning algorithms have been effectively utilized to enhance the accuracy of predicting ceramic properties. Various studies have demonstrated the successful application of machine learning in predicting mechanical properties like hardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of ceramics. These algorithms have been employed to predict properties based on factors such as chemical composition, microstructural features, and sintering temperature, enabling accurate estimations without the need for extensive experimental examinations. Additionally, machine learning models have been developed to predict specific properties of glass-ceramics by analyzing scanning electron microscopy images and utilizing convolutional neural networks, showcasing improved predictive capabilities. Furthermore, the use of machine learning, particularly convolutional neural networks, has shown high performance in predicting mechanical properties of high-entropy ceramics based solely on compositional descriptors, offering a more efficient alternative to traditional trial-and-error approaches.