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Is the elevated plus maxe used for assessment of learning and memory in rat?

Elevated plus maze

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The elevated plus maze (EPM) is primarily utilized in neuroscience research to evaluate emotional behavior in rodents, focusing on anxiety-related behavior rather than learning and memory assessment. Studies have shown that the EPM is validated for assessing anti-anxiety effects of various agents and exploring brain regions related to anxiety behavior . While the EPM is effective in measuring open arm avoidance as an indicator of anxiety, it may not be the ideal choice for evaluating learning and memory in rats. Research has demonstrated the impact of aging on memory processes in rats using the EPM, highlighting the effects of aging on memory retention at different times of the day . Additionally, investigations into drugs affecting learning and memory have utilized the EPM to assess acquisition and retention processes, indicating its utility for evaluating drug effects on memory consolidation .

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Open access•Journal Article Evaluation of memory and anxiety in rats observed in the elevated plus-maze: effects of age and isolation. R Frussa-Filho, J R Otoboni, F. T. Uema, L C Sá-Rocha - Show less +3 more 01 Jan 1991-Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 36 Citations	The elevated plus-maze is used to assess anxiety in rats, not specifically learning and memory. It does not effectively differentiate between memory levels in young and old rats.
Journal Article•DOI Evaluation of learning and memory mechanisms employing elevated plus-maze in rats and mice Avadhesh C. Sharma, Shrinivas K. Kulkarni - Show less +1 more 01 Jan 1992-Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 176 Citations	Yes, the elevated plus-maze is utilized for evaluating learning and memory mechanisms in both rats and mice, as discussed in the research paper.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI The use of the elevated plus maze as an assay of anxiety-related behavior in rodents Alicia A. Walf, Cheryl A. Frye - Show less +1 more 01 Jan 2007-Nature Protocols 2.2K Citations	Not addressed in the paper.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Time-of-Day and Age Impact on Memory in Elevated Plus-Maze Test in Rats. Nicanor Morales-Delgado, Natalija Topić Popović, Ernesto De la Cruz-Sánchez, María Caballero Bleda, Miroljub Popović - Show less +4 more 06 Dec 2018-Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 18 Citations	Yes, the Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM) test is utilized for evaluating memory in rats, as shown in the study on time-of-day and age impact on memory in rats.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Repeated elevated plus maze trials as a measure for tracking within-subjects behavioral performance in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Andrew J. Schrader, Rachel M. Taylor, Emily G. Lowery-Gionta, Nicole L. T. Moore - Show less +3 more 26 Nov 2018-PLOS ONE 36 Citations	Not addressed in the paper.

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What is the effect of illumination levels on the behavior of mice in the elevated plus maze test?4 answersDifferent illumination levels have varying effects on mouse behavior in the elevated plus maze test. Studies have shown that moderate white light exposure (400 lux) during the Y-maze test can promote spatial memory retrieval and induce mild anxiety in mice, activating specific neuronal circuits involving the central amygdala, locus coeruleus, and dentate gyrus. In contrast, round-the-clock illumination led to increased anxiety levels in C57BL/6J mice, affecting emotional behavior and impairing learning of passive avoidance, with significant changes in thymocyte proliferation. Additionally, in juvenile rats, bright illumination during the elevated plus maze test encouraged more open arm exploration in younger animals, while older rats explored open areas more under dim illumination, with age-related differences in anxiety behavior and corticosterone levels based on the time of testing.

How to check PASI Score in rats?5 answersThe abstracts provided do not contain information specifically about how to check PASI Score in rats.

What methods are used in assessing rat affective state?5 answersMethods used in assessing rat affective state include studying exploratory behavior in a new environment, using behavioral tests such as the elevated cross-shaped maze and the Porsolt "despair" test. Another method is the cognitive bias assay, which measures changes in cognitive processing as an indication of emotional state. Ultrasonic vocalizations are also used as an experimental tool to study emotional states in rodents. Additionally, evidence from various scientific methods suggests that rats likely experience a range of positive and negative emotions, including pain.

Does corticosterone administration affect memory and learning in adrenalectomized rodents?5 answersCorticosterone administration affects memory and learning in adrenalectomized rodents. Chronic elevation of glucocorticoids during adolescence facilitates habit learning in adulthood. Corticosterone impairs the late reconsolidation of fear memory in the basolateral amygdala. Corticosterone exerts a sex-biased effect on hippocampal miRNA expression, which may contribute to the observed sex differences in hippocampal functioning. Chronic corticosterone administration induces avoidance in negative valence behaviors associated with anxiety and impairs positive valence behaviors associated with reward processing.

How does corticosterone administration affect memory and learning in adrenalectomized rodents?5 answersCorticosterone administration affects memory and learning in adrenalectomized rodents. Chronic elevation of glucocorticoids during adolescence facilitates habit learning in adulthood. Glucocorticoid hormones enhance the consolidation of new memories, including those that extinguish older memories. Corticosterone administration into the dorsolateral region of the striatum enhances the consolidation of extinction memory. Acute corticosterone administration triggers a sex-biased differential expression of miRNAs in the hippocampus. Chronic corticosterone administration induces avoidance in negative valence behaviors associated with anxiety and impairs positive valence behaviors associated with reward processing.

How we can measure ROS stress level in RAT?5 answersReactive oxygen species (ROS) stress levels in rats can be measured using various methods. One approach is electron spin resonance spectroscopy, which was used to measure ROS generated by blue light irradiation in oral tissue of Wistar rats. Another method is chemiluminescence (CL) recording, which can detect ultraweak CL emission from the surface of organs. CL recording was used to evaluate oxidative stress in rat heart and demonstrated increased photon emission rate during oxidative stress. Additionally, the levels of ROS in hepatocytes can be measured using techniques such as real-time PCR and western blot analysis. These methods were used to analyze the oxidative stress generated in the hepatocytes of rats subjected to rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (REMSD). Overall, these studies provide insights into measuring ROS stress levels in rats using various techniques.

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