scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Is the rate of PD-L1 testing in China low? 


Best insight from top research papers

The rate of PD-L1 testing in China is not popular and varies from hospital to hospital . The clinical application of pulmonary function testing (PFT) in China is low, with only 91.9% of hospitals conducting PFT . Additionally, PFT is used more in the departments of internal medicine and surgery, but less in pediatrics, gynecology, and ENT . The use of PFT in China has been introduced in the late 1970s and widely used in the early 1990s . However, there is a low frequency of average PFT per month and per bed, with a large variation among hospitals . Furthermore, only 12.4% of the instruments used for PFT in China are domestically made . It is imperative to develop domestic lung function instruments and establish lung function norms specific to the Chinese population .

Answers from top 5 papers

More filters
Papers (5)Insight
The provided paper is about the clinical application of pulmonary function testing in China. It does not mention anything about PD-L1 testing.
The paper does not provide information about the rate of PD-L1 testing in China. The paper discusses the role of PD-L1 testing in immunotherapy and various issues associated with PD-L1 assays.
The paper does not provide information about the rate of PD-L1 testing in China.
The paper does not provide information about the rate of PD-L1 testing in China. The paper is about the cost-effectiveness analysis of PD-L1 testing associated with Pembrolizumab for first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC in China.
The paper does not provide information about the rate of PD-L1 testing in China.

Related Questions

What are the specific DNA or RNA aptamers that have been discovered for targeting PD-L1 in cancer research?5 answersSpecific DNA or RNA aptamers targeting PD-L1 in cancer research include the HIF-1α inhibitor at translation level (HITT) long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), PD-L1 antagonistic DNA aptamer incorporated into a molecularly imprinted polymer layer (APD–PD-L1–MIPL), and the high-affinity immunomodulatory IM-TLR9:PD-L1-ASO antisense oligonucleotide (IM-T9P1-ASO). These aptamers have shown promising results in inhibiting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, enhancing antitumor immunity, and overcoming resistance to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Additionally, miRNA34a delivered via iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IONPs) has been utilized to downregulate PD-L1 expression in cancer cells, demonstrating a novel gene delivery method for cancer immunotherapy. These findings highlight the diverse strategies involving aptamers for targeting PD-L1 in cancer therapy.
What are the potential drawbacks of using PD-L1 in the treatment of melanoma?5 answersPD-L1 expression in melanoma has been used as a potential biomarker for predicting response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. However, there are potential drawbacks associated with using PD-L1 in the treatment of melanoma. One drawback is that PD-L1 expression is not consistently correlated with clinical outcomes in melanoma patients treated with ICB therapy. Another drawback is the heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression within tumors, which can lead to discordant results and challenges in accurately assessing PD-L1 status. Additionally, the use of different PD-L1 antibodies in immunohistochemistry assays can result in variations in staining properties, further complicating the interpretation of PD-L1 expression. These drawbacks highlight the need for further research and refinement in the use of PD-L1 as a biomarker in melanoma treatment.
What is PD-1, PD-L1?4 answersPD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) and PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) are immune checkpoint molecules that play a key role in immune regulation and homeostasis. PD-L1 is a transmembrane ligand for PD-1, which is a receptor that inhibits T-cell activity. The PD-L1/PD-1 axis has been successfully targeted in cancer immunotherapy to enhance antitumor immune responses. Tethering PD-L1 to the membrane restricts its ability to inhibit immune responses, and its plasma membrane density can be modulated by regulating its trafficking. PD-L1 also has functions independent of its role as a ligand for PD-1, and its residence in different intracellular compartments may contribute to the regulation of those activities. The PD-1/PD-L1 axis has been explored in fibrotic diseases, further highlighting its role in immune regulation and fibrosis. PD-L1 and PD-1 expression have been studied in rare lung tumors, providing insights into their potential role in immunotherapy for these tumors.
Is PD-L1 expressed despite anti-PD-1therapy ?5 answersPD-L1 expression can be observed despite anti-PD-1 therapy. Studies have shown that PD-L1 expression on tumor tissues, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, is an imperfect biomarker that only applies to a limited number of cancers. Many patients with PD-L1-negative tumors still respond to anti-PD-(L)1 immunotherapy. Additionally, PD-L1 expression can be affected by platinum-based chemotherapy, with some patients showing significant upregulation in PD-L1 expression at recurrence. It has also been found that the extent of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction can vary among patients and within tumors, and patients with a low extent of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction may have worse outcomes with anti-PD-1 therapy. Therefore, PD-L1 expression can be observed despite anti-PD-1 therapy, and the regulation and function of PD-L1 in tumors are still being studied to better understand its role as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
Do PD-L1 scores above 50% further predict outcomes in patients with NSCLC?5 answersPD-L1 scores above 50% do not consistently predict outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with pembrolizumab. In a real-world Canadian population, only 21% of patients received second-line systemic therapy after single-agent pembrolizumab, despite second-line therapy being associated with prolonged survival. PD-L1 expression was found to be more predictive of benefit for patients with nonsquamous NSCLC than squamous NSCLC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). However, in patients with ALK-positive NSCLC treated with front-line alectinib, PD-L1 expression did not serve as a predictive biomarker for efficacy. In a cohort of patients with high PD-L1 expression NSCLC treated with first-line pembrolizumab, factors such as ECOG performance status, best response, and treatment beyond progression were associated with better outcomes, but PD-L1 expression alone did not consistently predict survival.
What is the most commonly used PD-L1 assay in China?4 answersThe most commonly used PD-L1 assay in China is immunohistochemistry (IHC) using tissue samples.

See what other people are reading

How to develop PK/PD model for human?
5 answers
To develop a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model for humans, a mechanistic mathematical approach can be employed, as seen in various studies. Utilizing a physiologically-based modeling strategy, such as PBPK-PD modeling, supports the translation of preclinical findings to clinical applications, aiding in the optimization of dosing regimens and target engagement. Incorporating in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo data, along with mathematical models, helps establish the relationship between drug kinetics and dynamics, crucial for determining optimal dosing regimens and preventing resistance. Additionally, the use of PK/PD modeling allows for the prediction of efficacious dosing regimens, supporting lead candidate optimization and enhancing the understanding of dose-affinity-target engagement relationships.
How has immunohistochemistry evolved as a diagnostic tool in recent years?
5 answers
Immunohistochemistry has evolved significantly as a diagnostic tool in recent years. Advances include the use of multiplex assays for extracting more information from limited tissue samples, the development of highly sensitive methods like phosphor-integrated dots (PIDs) to detect low-expression target molecules, and the continuous refinement of techniques to minimize background staining and maximize signal specificity. Additionally, the application of immunohistochemistry in diagnosing infectious diseases has expanded, with the detection of various pathogens in tissues using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Overall, these advancements highlight the ongoing progression of immunohistochemistry towards enhancing diagnostic capabilities and improving clinical research outcomes.
What is the survival of metastatic bladder cancer?
5 answers
Metastatic bladder cancer presents a significant challenge with poor survival rates. Studies indicate varying survival outcomes for patients with metastatic bladder cancer. One study reported a median overall survival of 9 months, with one-, two-, and five-year survival rates of 31%, 17%, and 0.5%, respectively. Another study highlighted that patients with liver metastasis had the worst overall survival compared to other distant metastases, with a mean survival of 7.118 months. Additionally, real-world data showed that patients receiving palliative systemic therapies had a median overall survival of over 1.5 years, supporting the use of multiple lines of treatment. Furthermore, a unique case study demonstrated a patient with bone metastatic bladder cancer surviving over a decade with combined chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical resection of metastasis.
What is the correlation between elevated AFP levels and the risk of HCC?
5 answers
Elevated AFP levels are correlated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Studies have shown that factors such as advanced tumor stage, severe underlying liver disease, viral etiology (HBV or HCV), and female gender are associated with elevated AFP levels in HCC patients. Additionally, research indicates that AFP expression is positively correlated with heat shock protein gp96 levels, which stabilizes key transcription factors like NR5A2, promoting AFP expression at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, there is a direct correlation between AFP levels and sarcopenia in HCC patients, with AFP levels serving as surrogates for the presence of sarcopenia, which is linked to poorer outcomes and higher recurrence rates in HCC patients. These findings highlight the significance of monitoring AFP levels in assessing the risk and progression of HCC.
How immunocal impact infant cancer?
5 answers
Immunotherapy has revolutionized pediatric cancer treatment, offering promising outcomes for previously challenging cases. Monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, and cellular therapies like CAR T-cells and NK cells have shown significant clinical responses in pediatric cancers, including neuroblastoma and leukemia. Immunotherapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor effects in high-risk neuroblastoma and acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia, enhancing survival rates. Despite initial disappointments in pediatric sarcomas, ongoing trials suggest that immunotherapy will eventually improve outcomes for high-risk malignancies, broadening the therapeutic arsenal against pediatric cancers. The specificity for cancer cells, in vivo persistence, and potency against refractory diseases make immunotherapies a valuable addition to conventional treatments, potentially reducing the chemotherapeutic burden while increasing cure rates in pediatric cancer.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) in breast cancer survival
5 answers
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) play crucial roles in protein synthesis and have been implicated in cancer, including breast cancer. Studies have shown that ARSs are often upregulated in tumors, correlating with worse patient survival outcomes. Specifically, methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MARS) has been identified as significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues, associated with poor prognosis, and linked to cancer progression. The dysregulation of ARSs, including MARS, in breast cancer highlights their potential as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for improving clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies. Analyzing ARS expression data from large-scale projects like the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) can provide valuable insights into the molecular and prognostic impact of ARSs in breast cancer, potentially identifying specific ARS family members as promising targets for biological cancer therapies.
What’s the median tumor mutational burden in non small cell lung cancer ?
5 answers
The median tumor mutational burden (TMB) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) varies based on the study. In one study involving never smokers with NSCLC, the median TMB was 1.57 mutations per megabase (Mb) [. Another study focusing on metastatic NSCLC patients found a median plasma-based TMB of 16.8 mutations/Mb [. These findings highlight the range of TMB values observed in NSCLC patients, with the latter study indicating a higher median TMB compared to the former. The differences in TMB levels could be influenced by various factors such as patient characteristics, treatment regimens, and genetic mutations present in the tumors. Understanding the TMB levels in NSCLC is crucial for predicting responses to therapies and determining patient outcomes. [Bossé, Y. (n.d.). Abstract. [Ryan, C. B. (n.d.). Abstract.
How does epigenetics affect cell Immunotherapy efficiency?
5 answers
Epigenetics plays a crucial role in influencing cell immunotherapy efficiency by modulating gene expression and chromatin architecture. Epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are common in cancer and can impact immune responses. Studies suggest that targeting epigenetic regulators can reverse immune escape mechanisms, potentially enhancing the effectiveness of immunotherapies. Furthermore, epigenetic therapies, when combined with immunotherapies, show promise in improving treatment outcomes for various cancers, including T-cell malignancies. Understanding the crosstalk between epigenetic modifications and immune responses is essential for identifying patients who will benefit from immunotherapy-based treatments and for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Breast cancer histopathological subtypes?
5 answers
Breast cancer encompasses various histopathological subtypes, each with distinct characteristics and implications for prognosis and treatment. Special histological subtypes, such as mucinous, micropapillary, metaplastic, and medullary carcinomas, exhibit unique features and survival outcomes compared to the more common invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST). These subtypes present differences in tumor size, nodal metastasis, hormone receptor status, and molecular subtypes like luminal A, luminal B, HER2 positive, and triple-negative. While some special subtypes like medullary and metaplastic carcinomas show distinct survival differences from NST, others do not carry independent prognostic information. Understanding these diverse histopathological subtypes is crucial for tailored treatment strategies and predicting patient outcomes in breast cancer management.
What is the correlation between the CD26 expression level and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients?
5 answers
The expression level of CD26 has a significant impact on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Research indicates that CD26 expression is closely linked to cell-cycle regulation, apoptosis, and chemotherapy resistance in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Additionally, CD28 expression in HCC is correlated with the occurrence, development, and prognosis of the disease, interacting with CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Moreover, CD147 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), serving as a reliable biomarker for predicting prognosis. Furthermore, a prognostic signature based on tumor doubling time-related genes (TDTRGs) and immune-related genes (IRGs) can effectively classify HCC patients for prognosis prediction and individualized immunotherapies. These findings collectively highlight the crucial role of CD26 and related immune interactions in determining the prognosis of HCC patients.
What are the current evaluation methods for PDL1 inhibitors in cancer treatment?
5 answers
Current evaluation methods for PDL1 inhibitors in cancer treatment involve a comprehensive assessment of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses, focusing on the efficacy and safety of PD-(L)1 inhibitors across various cancer types. The quality of these evaluations is determined by criteria such as the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement, the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2), and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Additionally, innovative approaches include structure-based virtual screening using scoring functions like CNN-Score, Smina, and IFP to discover small-molecule PD1/PDL1 inhibitors, with CNN-Score showing superior predictive value for PDL1 inhibition. Furthermore, a novel bioassay called Immuno-checkpoint Artificial Reporter with PD1 overexpression (IcAR-PD1) has been developed to predict response to anti-PD1 therapies based on the functionality of PDL1 and PDL2 binding to PD1, showing promising results in clinical studies.