What are the negative effects of macroinvertebrates gleaning activity on seagrass beds?4 answersMacroinvertebrate gleaning activity has negative effects on seagrass beds. The use of mosquito nets for fishing in seagrass areas leads to the unintended capture of macroinvertebrates, which can have detrimental impacts on seagrass ecosystems and fisheries. The increase in the number of harvesters and a change in attitude towards the intertidal zone and seagrasses have resulted in a decline in seagrass distribution and animal numbers over the last decade. In addition, the use of locally-made fishing gear, such as hand-made trawl nets, has led to the capture of a wide range of macroinvertebrates, including crustaceans, which dominate the abundance and biomass of the macroinvertebrate assemblage. These negative effects on seagrass beds and macrofaunal community structure have resulted in decreased catch sizes and income for harvesters, impacting their economy and livelihoods. The exploitation of seagrass meadows through invertebrate harvesting and harbor activities has also led to a decline in invertebrate density, biomass, and species richness in the exploited sites compared to protected sites.
How to seagrass mapping?5 answersSeagrass mapping can be done using a variety of remote sensing tools and techniques. At the national and regional scale, satellite mapping is recommended, with ground-reference data if possible, but without if time and funds are limited. For local scale monitoring, satellite, remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), kites, underwater camera systems, and in situ surveys are all recommended. In the case of community-based initiatives, in situ monitoring is recommended, while for emergency response monitoring, satellite or RPA can be used. When funding is limited, in situ, kite, and satellite are recommended, and when finances are not a constraint, satellite, underwater camera, RPA, or kites can be used, depending on specific circumstances. Additionally, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and deep learning techniques can provide high-resolution images and help monitor seagrass beds and classify their species composition at fine scales.
How do I measure seagrass coverage in AUstralian waters?5 answersSeagrass coverage in Australian waters can be measured using various methods. One approach is to rely on trained volunteers who visually estimate the percentage of substrate covered by seagrass within quadrats using photographic guides. Another method involves mapping seagrass cover from field and/or image data collected by natural resource management agencies. This can be done by combining satellite imagery with field survey data to create accurate maps of seagrass cover in different water depths and clarity levels. Additionally, optical remote sensing can be used to monitor seagrass habitats by sampling habitats with "mega-quadrats" extracted from low-tech imagery. Remotely sensed satellite imagery can also be utilized to map seagrass cover and distribution over large temporal and spatial scales, providing baseline assessments and the ability to predict changes in the future.
What is the marking method of tortoise?5 answersThe marking method for tortoises involves fixing numbered titanium disks into depressions cut into the shell using a metal-resin adhesive. This method was used to mark 700 tortoises during field trials on Aldabra Atoll in 1969 and 1970. The weights and measurements of the marked tortoises were recorded, and growth and regional population differences were briefly discussed.
Can we identify plant by its seeds?5 answersYes, plant identification can be done using seeds. A field guide by Cornejo and Janovec provides a key for identifying Amazonian plants to genus level based on seed characteristics. The guide includes color photographs of seeds from 512 genera in 132 families, along with descriptions and geographical distribution information. The key uses easily recognizable characteristics such as seed size, shape, color, and surface to identify the genera. Testing the key, it was found that the majority of genera can be identified by comparing up to five seed images. While the field guide has some shortcomings, such as the lack of a genus index and the need to use multiple books for complete identification, it is still a valuable resource for identifying Amazonian plant seeds.
How do you track seed predation in marine environments?3 answersSeed predation in marine environments can be tracked using various methods. One approach is to measure seed consumption rates within different patches of seagrass meadows. Another method involves observing seed densities and predation pressure in vegetated and unvegetated areas. Additionally, experiments can be conducted to test the predacious activity of different species on seagrass seeds and seedlings. In some cases, minicells produced by bacteria can be used as probes to measure predation on pelagic bacteria. These methods provide insights into the factors influencing seed predation, such as patch size, seagrass presence, and the availability of alternative food sources. By understanding seed predation in marine environments, researchers can better assess the impact on seagrass recruitment and develop effective management strategies for the recovery and restoration of coastal ecosystems.