What is the risk that a dental periapical infection spreads to other parts of the body?4 answersDental periapical infections have the potential to spread to other parts of the body, causing extraoral infections in tissues and organs. These infections can be serious and even life-threatening, such as cardiovascular infections and brain abscesses. Prompt assessment and referral to a tertiary hospital is necessary for cases at risk of airway compromise. General medical practitioners and non-specialists should be aware of the initial diagnosis and management of acute dental infections. Risk factors for the spread of dental infections include smoking, male gender, excessive alcohol use, and irregular dental care. Microorganisms in the oral cavity can cause systemic diseases through the bloodstream, with potential complications including brain abscess, meningitis, and lung or liver abscess. Prevention is crucial in reducing the risk of these infections.
What are the risk factors for burn infections?4 answersBurn infections have several risk factors. Poor hand hygiene and lack of adherence to wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and contact isolation precautions were identified as significant contributing factors to acquiring infections. Burn patients are at high risk of infections due to severe impairment of immunity and loss of skin barrier function. The history of antibiotic usage, length of ICU stay, mechanical ventilation, and catheter usage were found to be important risk factors for infections associated with antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Multiple factors increase burn patients' risk of invasive infection and sepsis, including underlying factors and co-morbidities, the percent total body surface area of the burn, delays in burn wound excision, and microbial virulence/bacterial count. Risk factors associated with time to first healthcare-associated infection (HAI) in burn patients include burn size (TBSA > 20%), burn mechanism (flames and scalds), central venous catheter use, and mestizo race.
What are the risk factors for pyogenic infections?5 answersPyogenic infections have various risk factors. In one study, high levels of patient colonization, contamination of the environment by nosocomial strains of microorganisms, and the degree of participation of mother's relatives in delivery were identified as risk factors for pyogenic and septic infections in mothers and newborns. Another study found that the most prevalent pathogens causing pyogenic wound infections were Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella species, and there was a high level of drug resistance among both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, the emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance due to the injudicious use of antibiotics has made the treatment of wound infections challenging, with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and Inducible Clindamycin Resistance (ICR) being common. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are also at risk of severe pyogenic infections, particularly caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
What are the risks?5 answersThe risks associated with the topics covered in the abstracts include:
- For the treatment of squamous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, excision methods such as cone biopsy may lead to long-term pregnancy-related morbidity, incomplete excision, and premature labor. Large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) appears to have fewer adverse outcomes.
- Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), have a chronic and relapsing course, high rates of psychiatric comorbidity, and increased mortality risk. Risk factors for the development of eating disorders include female gender, early feeding or undereating problems, maternal depressive symptoms, higher self-esteem, and higher BMI.
- Chickenpox during pregnancy can have complications, fetal or perinatal infection, and mortality, with the severity of the disease influencing the risks.
- Switching between different formulations of cyclosporin, an immunosuppressive agent used in renal transplant recipients, may induce adverse drug reactions and acute cellular rejection. The therapeutic equivalency of different formulations is uncertain, and caution should be exercised when switching.
- Individuals with a history of atopy are at increased risk of becoming latex allergic. Specific food allergies can also cross-react with latex. Minimizing exposure to latex products and using non-latex alternatives is important to prevent latex allergy.
What are the risk factors for developing an infection associated with health care BLSE?5 answersRisk factors for developing an infection associated with health care include patient characteristics, type of care, and the setting. Specific risk factors identified in the abstracts include damaged skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory pathways as routes of transmission. Other risk factors include age, immune status, underlying disease, and diagnostic procedures such as endoscopy, catheterization, and mechanical ventilation. Diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, body temperature, surgery time, reoperation, cephalosporin exposure, days of exposure to central venous catheter, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, ICU stay, and mechanical ventilation are also identified as risk factors for health care-associated infections. These risk factors contribute to the development of infections such as surgical site infections, bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and decubitus ulcer infections.
What factors increase the risk of MRSA?10 answers