Energy consumption in tissue paper?4 answersTissue papermaking enterprises are in need of energy-saving measures due to the global energy crisis and environmental pollution. An empirical energy consumption model for tissue paper machines was developed using linear regression, artificial neural network, and extreme gradient boosting tree methods. The models established by the extreme gradient boosting tree showed better performance in predicting power consumption and steam consumption, with mean absolute percentage errors of approximately 2.72 and 1.87, respectively. Energy auditing of a paper industry in India revealed specific energy consumption of 34.3 GJ per ton paper and specific CO2 emissions of 3.4 tons CO2 per ton paper. Energy conservation opportunities were identified with significant energy saving potential. Studies on the impact of process parameters on a paper machine with a Yankee cylinder showed that optimization and modernization can increase production capacity by 10% and reduce heat energy consumption by 16.3%. Pinch analysis identified potential energy efficiency improvements for tissue paper machines, including reductions in utilities and increased energy efficiency through process integration. The paper industry aims to achieve a 20% saving of purchased energy by 1980, with a reduction of about 15% achieved so far.
How are phantoms used?5 answersPhantoms are used in various medical imaging and medical physics applications. In positron emission tomography (PET) and nuclear medicine, phantoms are used to validate imaging protocols and reduce the administration of radioisotope to volunteers. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), phantoms are used for quality assurance on clinical scanners and as tissue equivalent phantoms for research. Phantoms are also used in surgical training workshops to simulate procedures before facing real cases, improving surgical skills and patient safety. In microwave imaging, anthropomorphic phantoms with physical and dielectric characteristics similar to the human body are designed and developed for device evaluation. In MRI, phantoms are used to obtain calibrated measurements from non-calibrated images. In hyperthermia applications, tissue mimicking phantoms are used for device and protocol optimization, with their thermal properties measured for accuracy.
What is this paper talking about?5 answersThe paper by Vovk discusses the concept of political religion and its application to Soviet law studies. It explores how the development of Marxism-Leninism dogmas in the legal realm influenced Soviet law theology and the Soviet law system. The author examines the philosophical and legal problems raised by the connection between law and economics, law and state, law and factual social relations, and the role of law in achieving communism. The paper argues that Soviet law theology was not just a set of ideas but had a significant impact on the development of the socialistic legality doctrine and the overall Soviet legal order. However, the Soviet legal system was also influenced by other factors such as civil law tradition and political reasons.
What is a heterogenous phantom?3 answersA heterogeneous phantom is a type of phantom that is designed to mimic the heterogeneity of human tissue in terms of its physical and dielectric properties. These phantoms are used for testing and calibrating imaging algorithms and instruments in various medical imaging modalities, such as diffuse optics, microwave imaging, and MRI. They are made by incorporating different materials with varying absorption and scattering properties into a host medium, such as epoxy resin or agar. The inclusion of these materials allows for the generation of localized absorption perturbations or the creation of piece-wise homogeneous domains within the phantom. The goal is to create a phantom that closely resembles the properties of the tissue being imaged, such as breast tissue, so that the performance of imaging algorithms and instruments can be accurately evaluated and benchmarked.
Is the paper technically sound?5 answersThe paper-based graphene sound source devices have highly reliable, flexible, no mechanical vibration, simple structure and high performance characteristics. In many paper handling machines, the sound radiated from impacts on paper is a major noise source. The sound-insulating wall paper disclosed in the invention has the characteristics of simple technical process, low cost, high stretching property, softness and excellent sound insulating property. The utility model discloses a sound insulation paper surface plasterboard applied in the field of building decoration, which provides a technical solution of an improved type plasterboard aiming at non-ideal sound insulation effect. Vertically aligned ZnO nanowire arrays on the paper substrate are integrated into a novel, sound-driven, piezoelectric nanogenerator device.
What is the paper about?5 answersPaper is about the game-theoretic foundations of common-pool resources and the development of more realistic models to understand groundwater usage and governance of the commons. It also discusses the importance of paper in our daily lives and its manufacturing process. The effectiveness of financial aid in influencing students' postsecondary decisions and its implications for policy are explored. The paper draws attention to a special type of paper called meteor paper and its historical significance. Additionally, it examines the role of paper in histories of knowledge, its materiality, and its sociomateriality in different social contexts.