What about cd19?
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CD19 is a crucial antigen targeted in various therapies for B-cell malignancies. It plays a significant role in B cell activation, memory B cell production, and signaling through receptors like CXCR4. Studies have shown that CD19 deficiency affects B cell differentiation but not the generation of antibody-secreting cells. Utilizing CD19-based selection can enhance the detection of cytogenetic abnormalities in post-therapy B-cell neoplasms, aiding in risk stratification and patient management. Furthermore, CD19-targeting CAR T cells have shown efficacy in treating autoimmune disorders like antisynthetase syndrome, inducing remission by resetting B-cell immunity. Overall, CD19 remains a key target for therapeutic interventions in B-cell-related diseases, showcasing its importance in clinical applications.
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| Papers (4) | Insight |
|---|---|
1 Citations | CD19-targeting CAR T cells were effective in treating refractory antisynthetase syndrome by resetting B-cell immunity, inducing remission in myositis and interstitial lung disease associated with the syndrome. |
| CD19-based selection (CD19S) enhances cytogenetic abnormality detection in B-cell neoplasms post-therapy, aiding in disease monitoring and risk stratification, showing superiority over non-selected cells. | |
| CD19 deficiency does not impair plasma cell formation or response to CXCL12. CD19 may affect responses to other ligands, potentially influencing localization, proliferation, or survival of B cells. | |
4 Citations | CD19 is targeted by CAR T cells in cancer therapy. Structural data on CD19 binding with CAR binders aids in engineering optimal affinity for improved CAR T cell function. |
Related Questions
What is the role of CD19 in the development and treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)?5 answersCD19 plays a significant role in the development and treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). In AML cases with t(8;21) translocation, CD19 expression is common, especially in those with RUNX1 aberrations and FLT3 mutations. CD19 is detected in the CD34 CD38 population enriched in leukemic stem cells, making it a potential therapeutic target. Studies have explored the use of CAR-T-19 therapy in AML patients with CD19 expression, showing promising results in achieving complete remission. Exosomes derived from AML cells, particularly those from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, contribute to leukemia progression by transferring molecules like miRNAs and cytokines, emphasizing the role of the tumor microenvironment in AML treatment challenges. Overall, targeting CD19 in AML through therapies like CAR-T-19 shows potential for improving treatment outcomes.
What is known about H19 in macrophages?4 answersH19, a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), plays a significant role in macrophages in various contexts. In autoimmune liver injury, H19 is primarily expressed in type I macrophages (M1) and transported to hepatocytes via exosomes, inducing hepatocyte apoptosis. Additionally, H19 has been found to regulate the expression of the serotonin transporter (SERT) in the intestine, impacting gut health. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), H19 in serum exosomes promotes macrophage proliferation and migration, affecting the release of proinflammatory factors. Moreover, in bladder cancer, exosomal H19 from M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) regulates autophagy in cancer cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic target. Lastly, in arterial medial calcification, H19 promotes vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by interacting with miR-140-5p and modulating osteogenic differentiation.
How does the expression of CD45, CD3, and CD19 differ in various immune cell types?5 answersThe expression of CD45, CD3, and CD19 varies across different immune cell types. CD45 expression is altered in COVID-19 patients, showing increased levels on granulocytes and lymphocytes but decreased levels on monocytes. CD3 is found to be decreased in COVID-19 patients, indicating immune system dysfunction and potential mortality risk. CD19, although not directly mentioned in the contexts provided, is a B cell marker commonly expressed on B cells. The regulation of CD45 isoforms, such as CD45RA and CD45RO, impacts T cell signaling and activation. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of CD45, CD3, and CD19 expression in immune cells, emphasizing their roles in immune responses and diseases like COVID-19.
What is the function of CA 19-9?5 answersCA 19-9 is a tumor marker that is synthesized by epithelial cells of different organs and is not organ-specific. It is commonly elevated in malignant diseases but can also be increased in benign conditions such as biliary obstruction. CA 19-9 is not suitable for screening pancreatic adenocarcinoma but may have prognostic value in preoperative assessment and evaluating response to treatment. It can also be used for postoperative surveillance to detect recurrence and as an indicator of overall survival in unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Additionally, CA 19-9, along with other tumor markers such as CEA and CA 72-4, can be used for monitoring gastric cancer patients, aiding in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment effectiveness evaluation. However, the interpretation of CA 19-9 levels can be challenging in cases of obstructive jaundice, as it can be elevated in both benign and malignant cholestasis.
What is cd19^- subpopulation?3 answersCD19^- subpopulation refers to a subset of cells that do not express the CD19 marker. In mice, this population of B lineage cells can be detected using the B220(CD45R) marker instead of CD19. These CD19^- cells coexpress the surface marker CD43 and may also express the NK1.1 surface molecule. They do not express genes specific to the B cell lineage and can develop into killer cells that have cytotoxic activity against certain target cells. In the context of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), the CD19+ subpopulation of B-CLL peripheral blood lymphocytes can be assessed for the levels of CD180, CD284, and mCD14. The expression of these markers may vary between normal B cells and B-CLL cells, and their levels can be influenced by antigenic stimulation.
What is the molecular function of H19?4 answersH19 is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that plays a critical role in various biological processes and diseases. It functions as an oncogene in liver cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), by affecting cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. In cardiac hypertrophy, H19 is involved in calcium regulation, fibrosis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and methylation. In cardiovascular diseases, H19 has a regulatory role in aortic aneurysm, myocardial hypertrophy, extracellular matrix reconstitution, and coronary artery diseases. H19 also contributes to chemoresistance in various cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer, glioma, and liver cancer, by inducing EMT, activating oncogenic signaling pathways, and altering the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, H19 is associated with aging and inflammation, potentially participating in the development of age-related diseases. Overall, H19 has diverse molecular functions and is implicated in the pathogenesis of liver cancer, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiovascular diseases, chemoresistance, and aging-related processes.