What are secondary metabolites produced by Enterococcus faecium?
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Enterococcus faecium produces a variety of secondary metabolites. These include high biodegradable compounds such as dipeptides, which are produced under acid shock conditions . Additionally, low biodegradable compounds like organoheterocyclic compounds and benzenoids are accumulated in response to nitrite stress . The production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) is another metabolic characteristic of E. faecium, with amounts ranging from 59-185 mg L-1 in MRS medium and 155-255 mg L-1 in skim milk . Furthermore, E. faecium strains can produce aroma compounds such as diacetyl, acetoin, 3-methyl butanal, and 3-methyl butanol, which contribute to flavor in adjuvant cultures . Overall, the secondary metabolites produced by E. faecium have implications for bacterial tolerance, biofilm formation, antimicrobial activities, and flavor generation .
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4 Citations | The paper does not mention the production of secondary metabolites by Enterococcus faecium. |
6 Citations | The paper does not mention the specific secondary metabolites produced by Enterococcus faecium. |
Related Questions
What are secondary metabolites?5 answersSecondary metabolites (SMs) are low molecular weight organic compounds produced by various organisms like bacteria, fungi, and plants. Unlike primary metabolites essential for growth, SMs are not necessary for basic functions but play crucial roles in interactions with the environment. These specialized molecules are synthesized through complex pathways involving enzymes like nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) and polyketide synthases (PKS). SMs are often induced in response to stresses and are vital for protection against biotic and abiotic factors. They have diverse structures and functions, ranging from antibiotics to antitumor agents, agricultural fungicides, and bio-insecticides, contributing significantly to human health and the economy. The study of SMs is crucial for understanding their biological activities, structures, and commercial applications, making them a key focus of research in various scientific fields.
What is plant secondary metabolites?5 answersPlant secondary metabolites (PSM) are organic compounds produced by plants that are not directly involved in growth, development, or reproduction. These compounds, such as terpenoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and flavonoids, play crucial roles in adaptation to the environment, defense against stressors, attraction of pollinators, and regulation of growth and development. PSMs are essential for environmental adaptation, providing protection against abiotic stressors like heavy metals, temperature extremes, salinity, and drought. They are also valuable sources for pharmaceuticals, food additives, and industrial products, with potential medicinal and antioxidant properties. Understanding the genetic basis of secondary metabolite biosynthesis and their ecological functions is vital for sustainable agriculture and ecosystem preservation.
What are gene clusters responsible for production of secondary metabolites by Enterococcus?5 answersEnterococcus gene clusters responsible for the production of secondary metabolites have not been specifically mentioned in the provided abstracts.
What are the culture media for Enterococcus faecium?5 answersThere are several culture media that can be used for the isolation and identification of Enterococcus faecium. One such medium is Hichrome Enterococcus faecium agar, which has been shown to efficiently select for Enterococcus spp. in recreational water samples. Another medium is Chromogenic VRE Agar, which is designed specifically for the isolation of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) from stool samples. Additionally, there are conventional and chromogenic media available for the isolation and identification of Enterococcus spp. in clinical samples, water, and food. It is important to note that the choice of medium depends on factors such as the type of sample, the method of culture, and the level of contamination. Overall, these culture media play a crucial role in the accurate detection and monitoring of Enterococcus faecium and VRE.
What is known about secondary metabolites produced by human cutaneous microbiota?5 answersSecondary metabolites produced by human cutaneous microbiota have been found to play a crucial role in skin homeostasis and health. These metabolites include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan metabolites, amine derivatives, and antibiotics. SCFAs, tryptophan metabolites, and amine derivatives have been shown to have systemic effects on the immune system, which is relevant to dermatological conditions such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Microbiome metabolites, including those produced by the cutaneous microbiota, can modulate the tumor microenvironment and contribute to the regulation of inflammation, proliferation, and cell death, as well as the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cutaneous microbiota can produce and release compounds that affect the physiology and virulence of skin-associated bacteria, and some viruses can encode neurohormones mimicking proteins. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced by the skin can influence the growth of the microbiota, and the microbiota can modulate AMP expression and protect themselves from the antimicrobial activity of AMPs. The human microbiota, including the cutaneous microbiota, represents a rich source of bioactive natural products, including antibiotics, with selective antimicrobial activity against human pathogens.
Do plant secondary metabolites act as carbon source for microorganisms?5 answersPlant secondary metabolites can act as carbon sources for microorganisms. These metabolites, which are chemically diverse and include compounds such as coumarins, glucosinolates, benzoxazinoids, camalexin, and triterpenes, have been shown to affect the composition and function of the plant microbiome. Specific plant metabolites have been linked to distinct microbial responses, mediated through defined biochemical mechanisms. The ability of microorganisms to utilize plant secondary metabolites as a carbon source is an important aspect of their interactions with plants. This interaction between plants and microorganisms plays a role in shaping the plant microbiome and has potential implications for agricultural sustainability.