Benefit of distributed application?5 answersDistributed applications offer various benefits such as efficient file management through distributed file systems (DFS) and distributed processing systems, improved performance through data co-locality enhancements in distributed query engines, reduced server load and enhanced system efficiency by distributing application programs across working platforms, dynamic construction of multi-tiered applications with independent development of user interface, data access, and processing logic elements, and the facilitation of accessing information, applications, and services in a consistent user environment while enabling the integration and migration of existing applications. These advantages include enhanced efficiency, performance optimization, reduced server load, dynamic application creation, and seamless user experience in accessing and exchanging information and services within a distributed network system.
What are the limitations and challenges of distributed leadership?5 answersDistributed leadership faces limitations and challenges such as hierarchical power relations hindering curriculum transformation and implementation in education settings. In Chinese universities, distributed leadership is perceived as delegation and erosion of power, creating sociocultural barriers to its implementation. Critiques of distributed leadership include uncertain definitions, unrealistic reliance on positive behaviors, and avoidance of power issues, suggesting a need for a more critical stance and consideration of bureaucracy's potential. The model may sometimes serve as a 'cover' for delegation to reduce principals' workloads, potentially undermining its intended participatory nature. Additionally, the dominance of senior leadership figures in distribution processes can impact the effectiveness of distributed leadership initiatives.
What are the different types of coordination protocols used for achieving consistency in distributed storage systems?5 answersDifferent types of coordination protocols are used for achieving consistency in distributed storage systems. One approach is to employ coordination mechanisms and synchronization protocols that involve communication and agreement among distributed replicas, but this can introduce additional overhead and latency. Another approach is to use consensus protocols, which have strict requirements and may not converge to a single value. Additionally, a new coordination protocol has been proposed that utilizes a universal timestamp signatory, a relative consistency indicator, an operation-based recency-weighted conflict resolution algorithm, and a rejection-oriented distributed transaction commit protocol to achieve global consistency. Another method involves maintaining aggregated views of each storage site, collecting local state information, calculating tabulated state information, and distributing it across all storage units within the site. These different coordination protocols offer various ways to ensure consistency in distributed storage systems.
What are the combinations of distributed consistency algorithms and back-end systems?4 answersDistributed consistency algorithms and back-end systems can be combined in various ways. One approach is to use relaxed consistency models for asynchronous parallel computation, which can improve system performance while still guaranteeing algorithmic correctness. Another approach is to leverage a data storage service, such as a database service, to store and maintain a file system/directory structure for a consistent distributed computing file system (consistent DCFS). Additionally, a consistency combination algorithm for dynamic decomposition can be used to improve the performance of parallel recognition by allowing data reorganization and using multiple fashions of data distribution. These combinations of distributed consistency algorithms and back-end systems provide solutions for ensuring correctness, improving performance, and maintaining synchronization in distributed computing environments.
What are the applications of the combination of distributed consistency algorithms and back-end systems?5 answersDistributed consistency algorithms combined with back-end systems have various applications. These combinations can provide fault tolerance and data consistency in distributed applications such as key-value stores and databases. They can also minimize performance degradation by avoiding frequent writes to secondary storage devices. In the context of smart manufacturing factories, these combinations can reduce communication latencies between nodes, improving production efficiency. In the field of machine learning, these combinations are used to train large-scale distributed machine learning models, employing variants of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization. Additionally, these combinations can be used in sensor networks to collectively estimate unknown parameters from distributed sensor measurements. Overall, the combination of distributed consistency algorithms and back-end systems has diverse applications in various domains.
What are the cons of using distributed file storage?4 answersDistributed file storage has several cons. Firstly, the complexity of technology integration and design flaws pose significant challenges in practical application. Secondly, the performance of metadata at the local level can greatly impact performance at the distributed level. Thirdly, supporting emerging storage hardware is a slow process. Additionally, traditional data security methods may not be fully reliable, and encryption alone is insufficient to ensure data security and integrity. Finally, in a coded system, the process of repairing from node failure and generating encoded data fragments in a distributed way can be suboptimal.