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What are the common phytosanitation techniques used for wood preservation?

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Common phytosanitation techniques for wood preservation include high intensity ultrasound treatment, heat treatment, vacuum-steam treatment, ultrasonic treatment, and pressure treatment. High intensity ultrasound was found ineffective against decay fungi, mold fungi, and termites . Heat treatment, such as immersion in a hot borate solution, is accepted for wood phytosanitation, offering significant borate retention and effectiveness in about 7 hours . Vacuum-steam treatment, involving vacuum, heating, and cooling steps, is faster than conventional hot air treatment for pallets and pallet parts . Ultrasonic treatment at specific frequencies and temperatures can effectively kill pinewood nematodes, enhancing wood phytosanitation . Pressure treatment in a pressure autoclave with preservatives like silane compounds and hydrocarbon solvents is another common method for wood preservation .

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Patent Wood preservation method Thomas Lippincott 28 Oct 2004	The common wood preservation method involves pressure treating wood with a preservative containing a silane compound, liquid hydrocarbon solvent, and optional pesticides in a pressure autoclave.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Ultrasonic phytosanitation of pinewood nematode infected wood Amir Sohi, Adnan Uzunovic, Stavros Avramidis - Show less +2 more 15 Jan 2016-Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia 1 Citations	Ultrasonic treatment combined with heat is an effective phytosanitation technique for pinewood nematode eradication in wood preservation, as shown in the study.
Journal Article•DOI Vacuum–Steam Phytosanitation of Hardwood Pallets and Pallet Stringers Zhangjing Chen, Marshall S. White, Yiqiang Wu - Show less +2 more 01 Jan 2012-Forest Products Journal 5 Citations	Vacuum-steam treatment is a common phytosanitation technique for wood preservation, surpassing conventional hot air methods in speed and efficiency, as outlined in the research paper.
Open access•Journal Article Phytosanitation of railway crossties with a hot borate solution immersion treatment. Adam Taylor, Jeff Lloyd - Show less +1 more 01 Jan 2009-Forest Products Journal 8 Citations	Common phytosanitation techniques for wood preservation include heat treatment and immersion in a hot borate solution, as discussed in the paper on railway crossties phytosanitation.
Journal Article•DOI A Test of High Intensity Ultrasound for the Phytosanitation of Wood Adam Taylor, Anita Perchermeier, Timothy M. Young, Lana Zivanovic - Show less +3 more 01 Sep 2011-Forest Products Journal 1 Citations	High intensity ultrasound was tested for phytosanitation of wood, but it was not effective against decay fungi, mold fungi, and termites. Common techniques may include heat treatment or chemical treatments.

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