What is the impact of education on the economy?5 answersEducation has a significant impact on the economy. It is widely acknowledged as the most important tool for socioeconomic development, boosting productivity, and promoting technological advancements. There is a clear positive relationship between education levels and economic growth, as higher education levels open up various sectors of the economy, leading to increased job opportunities and contributing to the overall size of the country's gross domestic product. Education also plays a pivotal role in uplifting agricultural and industrial productivity by adopting modern inputs and technology, resulting in higher wages for the workforce. Educated individuals tend to earn more, invest in their family's well-being and healthcare, and enjoy longer lives, thereby fostering societal development. Public expenditures on education are crucial for sustainable economic growth, and a one-point increase in public expenditures on education positively affects economic growth. Investments made for educational purposes directly affect the national income and production levels of the country, enhancing living standards and stimulating factors such as knowledge and invention. The expansion of higher education progress promotes economic growth, while an increase in higher education utilization suppresses economic growth.
How does the impactof globalization of economy?4 answersGlobalization has had a transformative effect on agriculture and the global economy. It has led to the integration and interconnectedness of economies, resulting in increased global trade, the import and export of goods, capital and financial flows, and human migration. The impact of globalization on the economy has been influenced by various factors such as the structure of social reproduction, economic development, natural resources, and internal market characteristics. However, globalization has also been blamed for job displacement and wage depression worldwide. The development of technology has not translated into significant earnings growth, particularly in the United States. Globalization has created opportunities for growth and increased trade, but it requires proper coordination and central power to ensure the growth of nations like India. The consequences of globalization on agriculture and food have been significant, with global supply chains playing a crucial role in the delivery of food. However, international governance mechanisms remain relatively weak, and the development of appropriate political structures to regulate the consequences of globalization is a fundamental challenge.
What are the effects of food safety on the economy?4 answersFood safety has significant effects on the economy. It involves the allocation of scarce resources and decisions made by economic actors in the food supply chain, impacting the economic consequences of contaminated food, cost-effective control and monitoring of food safety hazards, and the attitudes and incentives of producers and consumers towards food safety measures. The relationship between food self-sufficiency and food security is a topic of debate, with some arguing that self-sufficiency is the only guarantee of long-term food security, while others rely on the free trade system. The implementation of food safety regulations, such as the Food Safety Modernization Act, can lead to market effects, favoring certain categories of suppliers and imposing specific requirements for importers. Food safety is also crucial for addressing food insecurity, as issues like hunger and malnutrition arise from inadequate access to safe and nutritious food. The globalized food trade and complex supply chains increase the risk of foodborne outbreaks, highlighting the need for a systemic approach to food safety and the economic implications of ensuring control and regulation.
How do Research and development spillovers impact the productivity?5 answersResearch and development (R&D) spillovers have a significant impact on productivity. The complementarity between R&D and knowledge spillovers is strongly associated with firm productivity, rather than firm innovation. Two matching grants schemes in Chile, which promote firm-level R&D investment, have shown positive effects on participants' productivity. However, only projects funded by the Science and Technology Development Fund (FONDEF) have generated positive spillovers on firms' productivity. Public R&D projects also benefit from increased aggregate R&D investment in the same technology field, leading to improved productivity. R&D spillovers reinforce in-house R&D in affecting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) productivity, highlighting the importance of knowledge created outside of the firms. Direct spillovers from input-output (IO) linkages among sectors play a crucial role in determining sector productivity, while indirect effects are negligible.
How do tourism impacts the economy?5 answersTourism has a positive impact on the economy in most circumstances, contributing to economic growth, poverty reduction, and increased efficiency and productivity. The income generated from tourism spending can have a multiplier effect on the local economy, especially if the region is able to produce goods and services that are in demand among tourists. Additionally, there is a bidirectional association between tourism and economic growth, with tourism contributing significantly to economic growth and vice versa. Initiatives to increase demand for tourism can also boost the overall economy. The Brazilian Tourism Regionalization Program has shown that tourism strategies can have a beneficial effect on a city's entire economic structure, leading to an increase in value-added services, per capita GDP, and value-added in industrial activities.
- what are the key factors that contribute to knowledge spillover?4 answersThe key factors that contribute to knowledge spillover include R&D, trade and traffic conditions, labor force mobility, enterprise knowledge absorbency, market mechanism flexibility, time lag of knowledge spillover, changes of factory site, trade cost, and space-time span. Additionally, the cumulativeness of a firm's knowledge and its reliance on prior industry knowledge and relatedness of knowledge bases can influence the association between knowledge spillback and spillover. A strong national innovation system that facilitates knowledge spillover and alternative approaches such as joint ventures, subcontracting, and cluster-based industrial development can promote knowledge transfer activities in developing countries. Local, regional, and country-specific institutional factors play a role in influencing the probability and spatial extent of knowledge spillovers, which vary by industry. Complimentary services aligned with the annual report audit, such as the auditing of triennial Long-Term Plans, can exhibit knowledge spillover and have a positive association with audit fees.