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What are the greatest impacts for groundwater chemistry? 


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The greatest impacts on groundwater chemistry stem from a combination of natural processes and human activities. Human-induced factors such as industrial pollution, agricultural practices, and urbanization significantly alter groundwater quality . Industrial effluents and agricultural activities introduce pollutants like nitrates, leading to health risks and groundwater contamination . Meanwhile, natural processes like mineral dissolution, cation exchange, and evaporation also play a crucial role in shaping groundwater chemistry . The interplay between these natural and anthropogenic factors results in complex hydrochemical compositions in groundwater, highlighting the need for sustainable groundwater management practices to mitigate adverse impacts and ensure the preservation of this vital resource .

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The greatest impacts on groundwater chemistry in the Baiyangdian catchment are excessive pumping leading to water level declines, infiltration of surface water, and sewage contamination altering major ion concentrations.
Groundwater chemistry has a greater impact on the mobility of nanoparticles used for remediation than the chemical heterogeneity of aquifer media, as shown in the study.
The greatest impacts on groundwater chemistry in Baotou City are attributed to both natural factors (such as mineral dissolution, cation exchange, evaporation, and mixing) and anthropogenic factors (including domestic sewage intrusion and agricultural activities).
The greatest impacts on groundwater chemistry in Scotland are high concentrations of NO3 from agricultural land use and naturally derived Fe, Mn, and NH4 from reducing aquifer conditions.
The paper states that industrial activities and water-rock interactions are the major factors controlling groundwater chemistry.

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