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What are the latest advances in code and modulation techniques? 


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Recent advances in coding and modulation techniques include advanced channel coding and coded modulation techniques such as turbo codes, LDPC codes, and multilevel coded modulation (MLCM) . These techniques are designed to improve the spectral efficiency and performance of fiber-optical channels, which are non-Gaussian and have nonlinear behavior . MLCM schemes, in particular, have been proposed for high-rate fiber-optical communication systems, using Reed-Solomon component codes and hard decision multistage decoding . Additionally, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with forward error correction (FEC) methods, such as Reed Solomon codes and Turbo codes, have been used to enhance the system throughput and combat interference in wireless channels . Unequal error protection, block detection, and joint source-and-channel coding are also areas of recent advancement in coding and modulation techniques .

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The latest advances in code and modulation techniques mentioned in the paper include unequal error protection, block detection, turbo-codes, and joint source-and-channel coding.
The provided paper discusses the use of Reed Solomon code and Turbo code as channel coding techniques in an OFDM system. It does not mention any other latest advances in code and modulation techniques.
The paper discusses the use of multilevel coded modulation (MLCM) and multidimensional MLCM schemes for fiber-optical channels. It also introduces a novel MLCM scheme for a non-Gaussian dispersion-managed fiber channel.
The latest advances in code and modulation techniques in OCDMA systems include differential phase-shift keying (DPSK), differential quaternary phase shift keying (DQPSK), and code-shift keying (CSK) modulation with balanced detection.
The paper discusses advanced channel coding techniques such as turbo, turbo product, and LDPC codes, as well as coded modulation techniques including trellis-coded modulation and bit-interleaved coded modulation.

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