How heat stress can diminish water and grassland?4 answersHeat stress can diminish water and grassland by causing negative effects on plant health and growth, reducing ecosystem stability, and altering plant resilience to climate change. Heat waves, combined with low water availability, can lead to increased leaf senescence, declines in leaf water content and photosynthetic efficiency, and reductions in productivity. Drought, rather than heat waves, has been found to have greater impacts on photosynthesis, leaf water potential, and productivity in grasses. Water stress is likely to dominate plant responses to heat and drought stress, with differential sensitivity in grass species altering future ecosystem structure and function. Additionally, extreme summer events, such as droughts and heat waves, can significantly reduce biomass production and increase tiller mortality in perennial forage grasses, affecting their persistence and productivity. Overall, heat stress can have detrimental effects on water availability and grassland ecosystems, posing a threat to their stability and productivity.
How heat stress affect on animals?5 answersHeat stress has negative effects on animals, including reduced performance, morbidity, and even mortality, leading to economic losses and animal welfare concerns. It affects various aspects of animals' physiology and behavior, such as reduced caloric intake, increased water intake, and decreased reproduction and growth. Heat stress also redistributes the body's resources, leading to decreased growth, production, and reproduction. It can cause damage to immune organs and systems, induce inflammation, and disrupt the tight junction barrier in animals. In dairy animals, heat stress reduces feed intake, milk production, reproductive efficiency, and immune function. However, animals can mitigate some of the effects of heat stress through adaptive mechanisms such as the generation of heat shock proteins, antioxidants, and stress granules. Strategies to ameliorate the effects of heat stress include shelter management, nutritional management, and genetic modification. Micronutrients, such as minerals and vitamins, can also help lessen the damaging effects of heat stress on animals.
How plant effect by water stress?5 answersWater stress affects plants in various ways. It can lead to physiological disturbances such as closure of stomata, decrease in photosynthesis and transpiration, as well as biochemical alterations including protein denaturing, ROS production, and increase in antioxidant enzymes and osmoprotectants. Different plant species respond differently to water stress, with some being more tolerant than others. For example, in a study comparing lettuce and moth plant, lettuce showed a significant reduction in leaf area and dry weight under water stress conditions, while moth plant was not significantly affected. Additionally, water stress can impact plant growth, metabolism, and defense mechanisms, as observed in alpine herbaceous species subjected to different water stresses. Drought intensity also plays a role, as it affects plant nutrients, phytohormones, and defense induction, ultimately influencing aphid performance on wheat plants. Overall, water stress can lead to decreased growth, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis rate, as well as increased accumulation of osmolytes and changes in plant defense mechanisms.
How does heat stress affect the regulation of photosynthesis?5 answersHeat stress negatively affects the regulation of photosynthesis in plants. It leads to damage to chloroplasts, causing a reduction in photosynthetic efficiency and possibly cell death. Heat stress induces the production of reactive oxygen species, which negatively affect lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids involved in photosynthesis. However, plants have protective mechanisms driven by phytohormones that promote stress tolerance and thermomorphogenesis. Nitric oxide (NO) and abscisic acid (ABA) synergistically interact to reduce the effects of heat stress on photosynthesis and growth by reducing oxidative damage and maximizing the production of osmolytes and antioxidant enzymes. The combination of drought and heat stress has opposing effects on stomatal regulation, which affects photosynthesis. Heat stress also affects the regulation of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, with exogenous Ca2+ playing a role in maintaining photosynthetic activity and metabolic status.
How does heatstress affect crops?5 answersHeat stress adversely affects crops by altering their biochemical, physiological, and morpho-anatomical behavior, leading to a reduction in growth and development. It affects the reproductive phase of plants the most, resulting in a decrease in pollen viability, duration of grain filling, and starch synthesis in the endosperm. Heat stress during flowering can cause seed sterility, while post-anthesis heat stress reduces starch synthesis and alters grain composition. Rising temperatures due to global warming can impact crop production by affecting crop duration, phenology, and distribution patterns. Heat stress also affects crop photosynthesis at the enzymatic scale within the leaf and disrupts stomata and plant transport systems. However, research is being conducted to understand heat stress responses and develop heat stress resilient crops.
How heatstress affect crops?5 answersHeat stress can adversely affect the growth and development of crops, particularly during the reproductive phase. It can lead to a reduction in pollen viability, duration of grain filling, and starch synthesis in the endosperm. Rising temperatures and heatwave events can have significant impacts on crop photosynthesis, affecting enzymatic responses within the leaf and the functioning of stomata and plant transport systems. The predicted increase in global mean temperature and its variability poses a challenge for sustainable crop productivity, leading to the need for research on heat stress responses and the development of heat stress resilient crops. The increasing temperature can affect crop production by altering the duration and phenology of crops, as well as the distribution patterns of specific crops. Climatic changes, including heat waves, can negatively impact crop yields by disrupting crop phenology and causing water shortage stress.