What are the material properties of waam carbon steel?
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The material properties of WAAM carbon steel include isotropy grain shape, varying grain size numbers from 7 to 12, higher ultimate tensile strength (UTS) values, higher elongation at break values, and ductile fracture surfaces with dimples. The WAAM samples have UTS values ranging from 599 MPa to 694 MPa, which are 21-40% higher than the original steel wire . The elongation values of the WAAM samples are two or three times higher than the original wire, ranging from 41% to 57% . The WAAM samples also exhibit an equiaxial shape and grain size, indicating toughness . The microstructural analysis shows that the WAAM samples have an annealed microstructure, resulting in isotropic tensile properties . The machined specimens of WAAM steel walls exhibit higher strength and ductility than the as-built ones . The variations in mechanical properties are mainly due to the variations in microstructural features and different grain sizes evolved at different heat input levels .
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| The paper does not provide specific information about the material properties of WAAM carbon steel. | |
01 Sep 2022 | The paper does not provide specific information about the material properties of WAAM carbon steel. |
5 Citations | The paper provides mechanical characterization of CMT-WAAM carbon steel, including yield and ultimate tensile strengths, Young's modulus, and microstructural analysis. |
| The paper provides information on the mechanical properties of low-carbon steel samples produced using the WAAM technique, including ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation at break values. | |
| The paper does not provide specific material properties of WAAM carbon steel. |
Related Questions
What is the theory of WAAM?5 answersWire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is a method of Additive Manufacturing that involves using off-the-shelf welding equipment affixed to a motion controller for precise material deposition. WAAM allows for the production of large-scale components efficiently, particularly in the construction industry, but faces challenges with material characteristics and mechanical properties. Multi-material WAAM introduces a complex model for overlapping beads to maintain consistent heights, impacting fusion, bead dimensions, and heat input. To enhance manufacturing accuracy, a nonautoregressive dynamic model predicts bead geometry, while adaptive model predictive control plans welding parameters effectively. WAAM, specifically DED-arc, offers design freedom for creating force-flow-optimized steel structures, with strategies like varying weld bead overlap to accommodate different wall thicknesses.
What process parameters influence the geometry of WAAM?5 answersThe geometry of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is influenced by various process parameters. Parameters such as wire feed speed, travel speed, torch inclination, voltage, intensity, and temperature significantly impact the deposition geometry in WAAM. Additionally, factors like the geometry of the substrate receiving the deposition, feeding direction, wire angle, and deposition head orientation play crucial roles in determining the bead geometries in WAAM. Furthermore, the material used, the WAAM process, and the design of the component also affect the geometry through their influence on residual stresses and hardness. Understanding and controlling these parameters are essential for achieving desired geometrical outcomes in WAAM processes.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the WAAM process?5 answersThe wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process has several advantages and disadvantages. WAAM offers cost savings, higher deposition rates, and the ability to produce large and complex components in a single step. It also has the potential for green manufacturing and reduced environmental impact. However, WAAM faces challenges such as dimensional inaccuracy, poor surface finish, and the development of residual stress. It can result in undesired microstructures, mechanical characteristics, and deformation. The high number of depositions required in WAAM increases the likelihood of defect formation, making inspection and detection difficult. Additionally, WAAM components may have defects such as pores, lack of fusion, cracks, and residual stress. Despite these challenges, WAAM has the potential for improvement through optimization of process parameters, post-deposition heat treatment, and the use of non-destructive testing techniques. Ultrasonic-assisted WAAM shows promise in refining microstructures and improving mechanical properties, but the process parameters of ultrasonic treatment need to be optimized.
What are the most important properties of carbon metallic steel?5 answersThe most important properties of carbon metallic steel include thermal conductivity, specific heat, coefficient of linear thermal expansion, magnetic permeability, magnetic loss, stability, iron content, yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and hardness.These properties are influenced by factors such as carbon content, silicon content, manganese content, phosphorus content, sulfur content, chromium content, and nickel content.The mechanical properties of carbon steel, such as strength and plasticity, are also important and can vary based on the carbon content.Additionally, the addition of certain elements like gold, cobalt, magnesium, palladium, and chromium can improve the strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of carbon steel.
What are the findings from TEM study of WAAM made 9 cr steel (P91 steel) in literature?5 answersThe TEM study of WAAM-made 9Cr steel (P91 steel) in the literature revealed that the microstructure of the material varied across different regions. The bottom region exhibited lamellar structures, while the middle and upper regions showed equiaxed ferrite structures with some grain boundary pearlites. The face region displayed a mix of equiaxed and lamellar ferrite structures. The yield and ultimate tensile strengths of the top, middle, and bottom regions were similar, ranging from 370 MPa to 490 MPa. However, the top region had an elongation value approximately 15% higher than the other regions. The WAAM-produced component had lower yield and ultimate tensile strengths compared to the multiple-pass all-weld metal.
What is the cooling rate variation across different layers of WAAM made 9cr steel?5 answersThe cooling rate variation across different layers of WAAM-made 9Cr steel was investigated in several studies. The results showed that the cooling time (∆t8/5) was influenced by the heat input and interlayer temperature, which in turn affected the cooling conditions and residual stresses in the components. The use of high heat input or deposition rate resulted in longer cooling times and lower residual stresses in the surface of the top layer. Another study found that the microstructure and mechanical properties of the additively manufactured 9Cr steel wall varied with the height of the deposited wall, but had no significant influence on micro hardness and room-temperature tensile testing results. Therefore, the cooling rate variation across different layers of WAAM-made 9Cr steel can be influenced by the heat input, interlayer temperature, and the height of the deposited wall.