How to use mathematical modeling in predicting and mitigating air pollution?5 answersMathematical modeling is used to predict and mitigate air pollution. Various techniques and approaches have been proposed in the literature. One approach is the use of pentapartitioned neutrosophic cubic set, which handles fuzzy data more precisely and assigns values to optimize credence in a belief system. Another approach involves the use of a neural network structure based on seasonal-trend decomposition using locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (Loess) and a dependency matrix attention mechanism (DMAttention) to predict air pollutant concentrations. This method combines series decomposition, feature learning, and interdependent moment feature emphasizing to achieve high accuracy and strong generalization performance. Artificial intelligence techniques, such as ANFIS, have also been used for air pollution modeling and prediction. ANFIS training with metaheuristic methods like Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Differential Evolution has shown effective results in estimating air pollution levels. Additionally, scaling factors based on observational data and advanced models have been applied to air quality models to reduce biases and improve their relevancy for urban-scale analysis. Finally, the use of the long short-term memory networks (LSTM) algorithm model, particle swarm optimization, and complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition of adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) decomposition has been proposed to accurately predict air pollution and aid in its control and management.
What a more importantant of soil pollution?4 answersSoil pollution is a significant environmental problem that has received wider attention in recent decades. It can result from both intended and unintended activities, including industrial pollution, inadequate waste management, mining activities, direct applications of materials to soil, and atmospheric deposition. The main sources of soil pollution are on-site industrial pollution and inadequate waste management, mining activities, direct intentional applications of materials to soil, and atmospheric deposition. Soil pollution has direct consequences for human health and the environment, particularly in relation to soil uses such as agriculture and recreation. It can affect the sustainability and safety of food production and pose a significant risk to children's health, especially in playgrounds where soil ingestion can occur. Toxic metal contamination is a major form of soil pollution, resulting from both geogenic processes and anthropogenic activities. It negatively affects soil and environmental quality, impacts food quality and security, and poses a threat to human health. Bioremediation is an effective method for degrading soil pollutants using plants, microorganisms, and fungi. Mining activities are a prime human activity that poses a serious threat to farmland ecosystem safety, leading to the accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil.
What is soil pollution?4 answersSoil pollution refers to the contamination of soil by harmful substances that can have adverse effects on plant and animal life, as well as human health. It can result from both intended and unintended activities, such as industrial pollution, inadequate waste management, mining activities, direct applications of materials to soil, and atmospheric deposition. The major causes of soil pollution are anthropogenic activities and some natural processes. Soil pollutants can include heavy metals, organic compounds, pesticides, plastics, and agrochemicals. The consequences of soil pollution are directly related to the soil uses, affecting sustainability and safety of food production, as well as posing risks to human health, particularly for children exposed in recreational areas. Bioremediation, which involves the use of plants, microorganisms, and fungi, is an effective and inexpensive method for degrading soil pollutants. It can be used in conjunction with other techniques like rhizoremediation and phytoremediation to restore polluted lands without further harm to the environment.
How can math modeling be used in waste management?5 answersMathematical modeling can be used in waste management to develop efficient and sustainable waste management systems. By applying transportation methods and mathematical modeling, the minimum cost of managing the distribution of plastic waste can be calculated, leading to the formation of an efficient plastic waste distribution management system. Additionally, a system dynamics (SD) model can be developed to evaluate waste generation behaviors and predict waste trends, taking into account factors such as population, GDP, and education attainment. Mathematical models can also be used to forecast the occurrence of construction waste reusage in different countries, based on parameters such as population density, GDP per capita, and geographical latitude. Furthermore, mathematical models can help in the management of municipal solid waste by reducing the anthropogenic load on Earth and ensuring control over filtrate concentration. Finally, mathematical modeling can be used to manage the flow of construction and demolition waste, forecast waste volumes, assess information risks, and optimize cost and environmental impact.
What is soil pollution?5 answersSoil pollution refers to the contamination of soil by various pollutants and contaminants, both natural and human-induced. These pollutants include recalcitrant hydrocarbon compounds, metals, antibiotics, persistent organic compounds, pesticides, and plastics. Soil pollution can result from activities such as industrial pollution, inadequate waste management, mining, direct applications of materials to soil, and atmospheric deposition. The consequences of soil pollution are detrimental to both human health and the environment, affecting soil uses such as agriculture and recreation. Bioremediation, which involves the use of plants, microorganisms, and fungi, is an effective and cost-efficient method for degrading soil pollutants. Microorganisms play a crucial role in bioremediation through mechanisms such as biosorption, metalloproteins, and catalase production. Remediation techniques for soil pollution include physical, chemical, thermal, and biological methods, which are influenced by the type and level of contamination. Overall, soil pollution poses a significant threat to ecosystems and human well-being, highlighting the need for effective remediation strategies.
How much does soil eosion contribute to pollution?0 answersSoil erosion contributes to pollution by increasing the rates of soil erosion and sediment transport, which can lead to the loss of nutrient-rich soil surface. In addition, activities such as mining, agriculture, and deforestation can indirectly cause soil erosion and accelerate the loss of fertile soil. Mining produces large quantities of geologic materials that often contain toxic metals, which can be released into the environment through erosion. Modern agricultural practices, including the use of commercial fertilizers and pesticides, can also contribute to soil erosion and pollution. Land deforestation further exacerbates soil erosion and sediment transport, impacting the quality of land and water. Therefore, soil erosion plays a significant role in soil pollution, particularly in areas where activities such as mining, agriculture, and deforestation are prevalent.