How active carbon is important?5 answersActive carbon plays a crucial role in environmental protection and purification due to its exceptional adsorption properties. It is utilized in various applications such as adsorbing dioxins in waste incineration flue gas, protecting the environment from harmful industrial emissions, and maintaining internal ecological purity. Active carbon with a developed nanoporous structure effectively absorbs toxins from air, water, and soil, safeguarding the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. Additionally, active carbon can be used in aquatic systems for degrading pollutants, inhibiting harmful bacteria growth, and maintaining water quality. Furthermore, it is crucial for adsorbing dioxins with a high surface area and specific pore size distribution, ensuring effective removal of pollutants. The versatility and efficiency of active carbon make it indispensable in addressing environmental challenges.
What are the optimal degassing conditions for BET of activating carbon?5 answersThe optimal degassing conditions for achieving a high BET surface area of activated carbon involve forming the cross-section of refractory rods into a saddle shape at the furnace bottom and degassing the internal and under spaces of the rods. Additionally, controlling the pore size during activation is crucial for maximizing CO2 adsorption capacity and selectivity. Systematic studies have shown that there exists an optimal intermediate activation condition that ensures the pore size is most appropriate for CO2 uptake and selectivity, with further activation potentially weakening CO2-wall interactions. Moreover, the reactivation of activated carbon can be achieved through a two-step process involving steam treatment followed by pyrolysis, which can help maintain the physical characteristics and performance of the activated carbon for water treatment applications.
What is the best method use to optimize gas lift?4 answersThe best method to optimize gas lift is through the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and IoT-based systems. These technologies allow for real-time monitoring and analysis of well performance, production rates, and pipeline network performance, enabling the identification of optimal gas lift rates. AI algorithms, such as deep reinforcement learning and chemical reaction optimization (CRO), can rapidly compute optimized setpoints in complex domains, leading to increased net profit and improved overall oil production rates. The CRO algorithm, inspired by molecular interactions, achieves the lowest possible state of free energy and provides a more efficient system for the petroleum production industry. Additionally, the combination of simulations, human expertise, and machine learning technologies helps build AI systems that excel in optimizing gas lift rates in real-time, even in complex fields with hundreds of wells.
What are the best practices for optimizing gas utilization?3 answersThe best practices for optimizing gas utilization include tailoring the composition of the gas being used in fermentation processes to enhance production of various products. Additionally, the gas system in iron and steel companies can be optimized using a model to improve output, quality, and reduce costs and environmental pollution. In microalgae cultivation, maximizing CO2 utilization efficiency and biomass productivity can be achieved by changing gas flow rate, number of biofilm reactors, and gas composition. Furthermore, optimizing gas consumption in gas-burner space heaters involves preventing hot air from escaping the oven directly and delivering its heat to the desired environment, thereby maximizing the potential energy of natural gas. Optimization algorithms have become valuable tools in the natural gas industry, leading to improved performance and accuracy of desired results.
How to optimize electrodes for CO2 electrolysis?5 answersTo optimize electrodes for CO2 electrolysis, researchers have explored various approaches. One approach is to modify the porous media structure of gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) to improve performance. By leveraging advanced manufacturing methods, electrodes with variable porosity can be created, allowing for optimal performance. Another approach is to use ceramic composite electrodes composed of materials with mixed electronic and ionic conductivity. For example, a solid solution of La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.5Fe0.5O3 (LSMF) showed good chemical stability, high electrical conductivity, and improved electrode performance. Additionally, the use of ordered core-shell catalysts, such as CuOx nanowire/Cu substrate, can enhance selectivity and activity of the hydrocarbon, while improving catalyst stability. Furthermore, the arrangement of control electrodes between an electrolyte conditioning system and leads of an electrolyte distributor can help mitigate stray currents and prevent corrosion of electrodes. Finally, quasi-Sym-SOECs with hollow electrodes and exsolved nanoparticles have shown improved current density and reduced interfacial polarization resistance, making them advantageous for CO2 electrolysis.
What is the optimum ratio of catalyst for gasification?2 answersThe optimum ratio of catalyst for gasification depends on the specific process and feedstock being used. In the case of papermaking waste treatment, a pyrolysis gasification catalyst consisting of 35-50% calcium oxide, 10-20% zirconium oxide, 15-25% titanium dioxide, 15-25% sodium bicarbonate, and 10-20% citric acid is recommended. For coal gasification, a mixed catalyst of alkaline salt (K2SO4) and transition metal salt (Ni(NO3)2) in a ratio of 25-75% has been shown to have high activity and reduce the cost of the gasification reaction. In the pyrolysis-gasification of polypropylene, the presence of a Ni/CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst at a catalyst/polypropylene ratio of 1 resulted in the highest hydrogen production. For biomass conversion, a mechanical mixture of nickel-based and calcium-based catalysts showed the optimum catalytic effect in producing hydrogen-rich gas. The specific optimum ratio of catalyst for gasification may vary depending on the conditions and objectives of the process.