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What are the proper to discuss in hypoxic response in crustaceans? 


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Crustaceans' hypoxic response involves several aspects. The structure and regulation of pyruvate kinase (PK) gene and protein play a crucial role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in crustaceans . The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) enzyme is important for energy homeostasis in response to hypoxia in prawns . Tolerance to hypoxia in freshwater crayfish is characterized by behavioral, physiological, and biochemical changes, including emersion at low oxygen levels and maintenance of energy metabolism during short-term exposures . The physiological and biochemical changes in response to hypoxia vary among different species of crustaceans, with some showing reduced metabolic rates and reliance on anaerobic metabolism . The response to hypoxia also involves changes in oxygen consumption, feeding rates, and nucleic acid concentrations . These findings highlight the complexity of crustaceans' hypoxic response and the need for further research to understand the mechanisms involved.

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The paper discusses the physiological and biochemical changes in response to hypoxia in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, the lesser blue crab, Callinectes similis, and the southern oyster drill, Stramonita haemastoma. It covers topics such as LC50 estimates, feeding rates, growth and molting rates, oxygen consumption rates, adaptation to hypoxia, detection and avoidance of hypoxic water, and changes in RNA and DNA concentration.
The paper discusses the atypical oxy-conforming pattern of oxygen uptake, decline in VO2 during hypoxia, reliance on anaerobic metabolism, and gill morphology in the hypoxic response of the Hawaiian anchialine atyid Halocaridina rubra.
The paper discusses the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the response of prawns to acute hypoxia and the modulation of energy metabolism in crustaceans.
The provided paper discusses the emersion behavior, physiological responses (such as heart rate and haemolymph PO2), and biochemical responses (such as changes in plasma glucose and lactate) of the freshwater crayfish Paranephrops zealandicus to aquatic hypoxia. However, it does not specifically discuss the proper ways to discuss hypoxic response in crustaceans.
The paper discusses the effects of hypoxia on gene expression, enzymatic activity, glucose, and lactate in the hepatopancreas and muscle of the whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.

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