What are the properties of black hole regions containing no trapped surfaces?
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Black hole regions that do not contain trapped surfaces have certain properties. These regions can be characterized using a local approach rather than relying on the concept of a global event horizon . The existence of trapped and marginally trapped surfaces in black hole regions can be determined by computing the fluxes and divergences of appropriate null vectors using the covariant divergence and Gauss divergence theorems . Additionally, a detailed investigation of the geometrical properties of trapped surfaces and the boundaries of trapped regions in general relativity has been performed . The stability of apparent horizons in different spacetimes has also been analyzed . Furthermore, the thermodynamic properties of black holes, such as temperature, entropy, and radiation rates, are associated with the presence of a horizon and are expected to be the same for Extremely Compact Objects (ECOs) .
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Open access•Posted Content | The provided paper does not discuss the properties of black hole regions containing no trapped surfaces. |
| The provided paper does not discuss the properties of black hole regions containing no trapped surfaces. The paper focuses on the thermodynamic properties of black holes and the resolution of the information puzzle in string theory. | |
Open access•Posted Content | The provided paper does not discuss the properties of black hole regions containing no trapped surfaces. |
| The paper does not provide information about the properties of black hole regions containing no trapped surfaces. | |
| The paper does not provide information about the properties of black hole regions containing no trapped surfaces. |
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A black hole forms from the gravitational collapse of a massive stellar object, leading to the creation of a singularity at its core. However, there are speculative models suggesting the existence of "regular" or "nonsingular" black holes, which would have a highly dense but finite region of matter or energy at their center, preventing the formation of a singularity. The formation of binary black holes can occur from massive stellar binaries in the field or through dynamical interactions in clusters of high stellar density, with some black holes being formed in situ without energetic kicks, suggesting prolific production of binary black holes with components of around 10 solar masses in the universe.
What are the properties of black holes?5 answersBlack holes have various properties. They have electromagnetic, optical, and energetic properties, and their observational data strongly depends on the structure and evolution of the accretion disk surrounding them. Black holes also have thermodynamic properties such as temperature, entropy, and radiation rates, which are associated with the presence of a horizon. In addition, black holes can be modeled as Extremely Compact Objects (ECOs) with the same thermodynamic properties as black holes, and their thermal radiation must fill the near-surface region at the local Unruh temperature. The physical properties of black holes can be described using a black hole model where electrons and positrons form a neutral gas that is confined by gravitation. Furthermore, black holes have magnetospheres, interiors, and singularities, and they can form in astrophysical environments. Finally, black holes have the fastest relaxation dynamics allowed by a quantum theory of gravity, making them the fastest-relaxing objects in the universe.