Does indonesia have any international relation about sustainability with other country?5 answersIndonesia engages in international relations related to sustainability with various countries. The country utilizes bilateral, multilateral, and global approaches, along with the involvement of international organizations, to address sustainability issues such as managing sustainable palm oil. Additionally, Indonesia plays an active role in South-South Cooperation, focusing on development programs, training, grants, and scholarships to strengthen its position as an emerging donor and improve its image globally. Furthermore, Indonesia's efforts to address sustainability extend to the coffee industry, where it aims to increase the coverage of sustainability standards in coffee production to meet global market demands. Through these diplomatic initiatives, Indonesia collaborates with other nations to promote social, economic, and environmental sustainability on an international scale.
How does decolonization impact Indonesian international relations in the twentieth century?5 answersDecolonization significantly influenced Indonesian international relations in the twentieth century. The United Nations Security Council's involvement in the Dutch-Indonesian conflict showcased how non-European actors could contest European claims of "domestic jurisdiction" over colonial territories. Indonesia's cultural politics, rooted in exclusionary ethno-nationalism, hindered recognition of trans-national solidarity, impacting the nation's identity formation. The decolonization of Indonesia's history curriculum reflected a gradual shift from Eurocentric perspectives to indigenous challenges to colonial narratives in both public and private schools. Economic decolonization in Indonesia, marked by nationalization of foreign enterprises and the rise of Islamic financial institutions, intertwined with identity awareness and the Islamization of economics. Economic nationalism, including the nationalization of Dutch firms, and the concept of Indonesianisasi shaped Indonesia's economic decolonization process, influenced by various foreign economic interests.
Are international organization benefit for Indonesia?4 answersInternational organizations have the potential to benefit Indonesia in various ways. They can play a crucial role in fighting against child trafficking, as seen in the efforts made by international organizations to establish comprehensive legislation and resolutions to abolish this practice. Additionally, international research collaborations can enhance the efficiency and impact of academic research in Indonesia, leading to new discoveries in science and technology. Furthermore, trade organizations can assist in promoting the investment climate in Indonesia through various diplomatic activities, which can contribute to the country's economic growth. Moreover, joining space cooperation organizations like APSCO can provide substantial benefits for Indonesia, including enhancing relationships among countries in the Asia-Pacific region and contributing to national interests such as politics, economy, and international peace and security. Overall, international organizations can bring about positive outcomes and support Indonesia's development in various sectors.
How do taxes contribute in Indonesia?4 answersTaxes contribute to the financing of development in Indonesia by providing a source of government funding for development at both the central and regional levels. However, the performance of tax revenue in Indonesia has not been optimal, with the tax ratio to GDP being lower than neighboring countries. There are also challenges such as low tax buoyancy, smaller realized tax revenue compared to targets, and low awareness of paying taxes. To increase tax revenue, the government should formulate policies to increase production, investment, and consumption, as these factors contribute to the tax base. Additionally, factors such as inflation and openness have been found to significantly affect tax revenue, while income per capita does not have a significant effect. The tax structure in Indonesia is dominated by direct taxes, with contributions from indirect taxes being around 30%. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in the Indonesian economy, but their contribution to taxation is still below its potential.
How can Indonesia's green growth strategy contribute to attracting Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) investments?3 answersIndonesia's green growth strategy can contribute to attracting Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) investments in several ways. Firstly, the development of green logistics along the Belt and Road can help reduce fossil fuel energy consumption and carbon emissions, which is important for sustainable economic development. Secondly, Indonesia's focus on building infrastructure, particularly in the maritime sector, aligns with the BRI's vision of the Maritime Silk Road, making it an attractive investment destination for China. Additionally, Indonesia's emphasis on sustainable development and environmental protection can create a favorable investment climate for countries participating in the BRI, as it aligns with the BRI's goal of promoting sustainable development. By showcasing its commitment to green growth, Indonesia can attract BRI investments that support its national interests and contribute to its vision of becoming the Global Maritime Fulcrum.
How has climate change affected the Indonesian climate?5 answersClimate change has had various impacts on the Indonesian climate. The region has experienced a rise in temperature, with hot day/night temperatures increasing by 0.26-0.29°C per decade and cold day/night temperatures by 2-3°C per 100-1000 years. Changes in rainfall patterns, extreme temperatures, and El Nino and La Nina events have affected the agriculture sector, leading to a decline in agricultural production and crop failure. Climate change has also been observed in Yogyakarta, with an increase in average air temperature, a decrease in average air humidity, and changes in rainfall patterns and sun's irradiation duration. The main causes of climate change in Indonesia are deforestation, forest degradation, and the growth rate of industry and transportation modes that are not environmentally friendly. Efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change include the implementation of programs like Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) and the use of adaptation strategies in the agriculture sector.