What are the characteristics of escape the corset movement?4 answersThe characteristics of the "escape the corset" movement (ETC-M) include its emergence as a fashion style against social prejudice and inequality, its spread through social media, and its connection to fourth-wave feminism. The movement is driven by women's indignant rage, which challenges patriarchal values and increases women's agency. Participants in the movement see beauty practices as social oppression and markers of women's low social status, leading to a rejection of femininity collectively. The movement has formed an anti-fashion solidarity among non-mainstream women and has developed a range of special items, styles, and looks through social media engagement. It aims to eradicate femininity as social oppression and promotes female solidarity and connectedness. The "escape the corset" movement has brought about unprecedented social changes in South Korea and has implications for the practical consideration of a sustainable society based on inclusion and diversity.
What is the function of SLC13A4?4 answersSLC13A4 is a sodium sulfate co-transporter that plays an essential role in maintaining the metabolic balance of sulfate in vivo. It is expressed in various tissues including the brain, placenta, and thymus. SLC13A4 has been found to be differentially expressed in a variety of tumors, and its decreased expression is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. In addition, SLC13A4 is involved in the formation of perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized extracellular matrix structures that regulate synaptic connections and neuronal plasticity. Disruptions to SLC13A4 can lead to abnormal social interactions, memory, exploratory behaviors, stress, and anxiety in mice. SLC13A4 is abundantly expressed in the human and mouse placenta, where it is proposed to transport nutrient sulfate to the fetus. Furthermore, SLC13A4 is crucial for postnatal brain development and adequate sulfate supply is required for the maturation of important social interaction and memory pathways.
What are the advantages of spironolactone over other antihypertensives?5 answersSpironolactone has several advantages over other antihypertensives. It is a diuretic that is effective in lowering blood pressure, making it a drug of choice for hypertensive urgencies and emergencies. It can be administered intravenously, with effects reaching a maximum within 30 minutes. Spironolactone and its metabolites bind to mineralocorticoid receptors in the kidney, promoting sodium and water excretion while retaining potassium. It has a longer half-life compared to its metabolite, canrenone, prolonging its biological effects. Spironolactone has been shown to have a higher antihypertensive effect compared to placebo and other antihypertensive drugs in randomized studies. It also reduces morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Additionally, spironolactone is recommended in patients with resistant hypertension, defined as uncontrolled blood pressure despite three antihypertensive drug combinations.
What are the key symptoms of low aldosterone?5 answersLow aldosterone can cause a range of symptoms including hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypovolemia, elevated plasma renin activity, and sometimes shock and death. It can also lead to hypokalemia, suppressed plasma renin activity, and hypertension. In addition, low aldosterone can result in mineralocorticoid deficiency, known as pseudohypoaldosteronism, or excess, known as Liddle's syndrome. Symptoms of pseudohypoaldosteronism include signs of mineralocorticoid deficiency, while Liddle's syndrome is characterized by signs of mineralocorticoid excess. Furthermore, low aldosterone can cause end-organ unresponsiveness to aldosterone, leading to a similar phenotype as aldosterone deficiency. Overall, the key symptoms of low aldosterone include electrolyte imbalances, such as hyponatremia and hyperkalemia, as well as abnormalities in blood pressure regulation.
Does spironolactone have any effect on fetal development?5 answersSpironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic and aldosterone antagonist, has been shown to have effects on fetal development. In zebrafish embryos, exposure to spironolactone resulted in differences in cardiovascular development and craniofacial development. However, in a study on pregnant rats, no evidence of antiandrogen action or pseudohermaphroditism was found in the male offspring. It has been suggested that androgen action, which spironolactone affects, may play a role in the weight difference between boys and girls at birth. Additionally, spironolactone has been shown to decrease plasma testosterone levels and is clinically useful in the treatment of hirsutism in women. Overall, while spironolactone has been found to have effects on fetal development in zebrafish embryos and testosterone levels in humans, its specific impact on human fetal development is not yet fully understood.
Why aldosterone level increases in liver cirrhosis?8 answers