How does the automated office blood pressure monitor utilize proprietary algorithms to measure blood pressure?4 answersAutomated office blood pressure monitors (AOBPMs) utilize proprietary algorithms to estimate blood pressure (BP) from waveform pulsations, as mentioned in. These algorithms are integral to the operation of AOBPMs, which have largely remained unchanged since their inception in the 1970s. The AOBPMs undergo accuracy testing against reference auscultatory sphygmomanometers using standardized validation protocols to ensure reliability for clinical use globally. Despite potential sources of error associated with these algorithms, validated AOBPMs provide BP values comparable to manual auscultation, forming the basis for deriving contemporary BP thresholds and treatment targets for managing cardiovascular disease risk. While there is room for improvement in accuracy for individual risk stratification, validated AOBPMs are the recommended standard for office and out-of-office BP measurement in hypertension diagnosis and management worldwide.
Why ABPM are lower compared to automated OBPM?5 answersAutomated ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) tends to yield lower blood pressure readings compared to automated office blood pressure measurement (AOBP) due to various factors. Studies have shown that ABPM is preferred for evaluating office blood pressure as it is more accurate and less affected by the white coat effect, resulting in lower systolic blood pressure readings. Additionally, ABPM is considered the most important method for establishing true hypertension, emphasizing its reliability over AOBP measurements. The variability in blood pressure readings between ABPM and AOBP is notably lower, with ABPM exhibiting a similar degree of variability as AOBP, but with more accurate results. This difference underscores the importance of utilizing ABPM for accurate hypertension diagnosis and management.
What are the lived Experiences of Licensed Nurses in Using Automated Sphygmomanometers? International?5 answersLicensed nurses have experienced challenges and concerns when using automated sphygmomanometers. The accuracy of these devices has been a major issue, with digital sphygmomanometers being known for their low accuracy and reducing nurses' ability to identify blood pressure in humans. On the other hand, the mercury sphygmomanometer, which is considered the gold standard for accuracy, is being phased out due to the environmental risks associated with mercury. In China, a study found that only 29% of in-use electronic sphygmomanometers passed independent clinical validation, indicating a low level of clinical validation for these devices. The International Standards Organization has set standards for the validation of automated sphygmomanometers, including requirements for clinical studies on special populations such as pregnant patients. Overall, licensed nurses have faced challenges related to accuracy and validation when using automated sphygmomanometers, highlighting the need for improved devices and awareness among healthcare professionals.
Do automation affect health?5 answersAutomation has been found to have an impact on health. Jobs with a high probability of automation are associated with low job control, higher job insecurity, and work-related injury and disease prevalence. On the other hand, jobs with a low automation probability have higher psychological and physical demands and burnout prevalence. Highly automatable occupations have been found to have lower levels of job satisfaction and self-rated health, indicating lower job quality. Additionally, increases in automation have been linked to increases in all-cause mortality, including deaths due to drug overdose, suicide, homicide, and cardiovascular causes. These findings suggest that automation can have negative effects on both physical and mental health outcomes.
How to create automated essay scorer?5 answersAutomated essay scoring (AES) can be created using various techniques. One approach is to utilize deep neural networks (DNN) to eliminate the need for feature engineering and achieve better accuracy. Another method involves using pre-training and fine-tuning mechanisms with a pre-trained encoder to obtain better features. Additionally, natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning techniques can be used to design an AES system that evaluates student answers by comparing them with an answer scheme. Furthermore, the use of contextual text embedding, such as BERT embedding, can be employed to represent essays numerically and granulate the scoring into structure and grammar modules. These steps provide a foundation for creating an automated essay scoring system, and further research can be conducted to improve specific trait scoring and expand the scope of grammar scoring.
Is the hand strength measurement using sphygmomanometer comparable to the hand grip strength test using jammar dynamometer?5 answersHand strength measurement using a sphygmomanometer is comparable to the hand grip strength test using a Jamar dynamometer. The study by Pujianita et al. found a strong correlation between grip strength measured with a sphygmomanometer cuff method and the Jamar dynamometer. They developed a prediction formula using the sphygmomanometer grip strength value, sex, and age to estimate the Jamar grip strength value. Another study by Wichelhaus et al. compared the Jamar dynamometer with a new cylindrical measuring system and found that both measurement techniques yielded similar results. They concluded that the new measuring system, which includes the sphygmomanometer cuff method, is well suited for clinical research purposes. Therefore, based on these studies, it can be concluded that the hand strength measurement using a sphygmomanometer is comparable to the hand grip strength test using a Jamar dynamometer.