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What is know about phugoid motion? 


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Phugoid motion refers to the oscillation in altitude and airspeed that occurs in certain aircraft during flight. It is characterized by a cyclic exchange between potential energy and kinetic energy, resulting in a periodic variation in pitch angle and airspeed. The stability of phugoid motion is influenced by factors such as lift and drag coefficients, as well as gradients with Mach numbers . Phugoid motion can be simulated using linear aerodynamic theory-based computational methods, but the use of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations is more accurate in capturing the nonlinear behavior of the motion . Phugoid motion has also been studied in the context of bicycles, tank gun target drones, and hypersonic gliding vehicles . In ballistic entry during planetary entry, phugoid motion is stable, while in glide entry, slight perturbations can cause damped oscillations in the trajectory variables .

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The paper provides an analysis of phugoid oscillations during grazing planetary entry of space vehicles, including both ballistic and equilibrium glide modes. It describes the characteristics of phugoid motion in terms of flight-path angle and altitude perturbations.
The paper discusses the phugoid dynamic characteristic of hypersonic gliding vehicles and analyzes the stability of the phugoid mode. It also provides an analytical solution for the flight path angle as a function of speed. However, it does not provide a general explanation of phugoid motion.
The paper provides information about a control system of a bicycle capable of phugoid motion, but it does not explicitly explain what phugoid motion is.
Phugoid motion is an oscillation in altitude due to the exchange between potential energy and kinetic energy in an aircraft.

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