What is model?5 answersA model, as described in the provided contexts, refers to a structured representation or framework used in various fields such as education, architecture, language learning, and economics to facilitate understanding, communication, and learning. In education, models are utilized to design effective learning processes tailored to students' needs and objectives, aiming to enhance comprehension and engagement. Architectural models, like those used by Richard Meier, serve as tools for visualizing and refining design concepts, emphasizing precision in spatial organization and aesthetic realization. Similarly, in language learning and economics, models play a crucial role in simplifying complex concepts, aiding in teaching and learning activities. Overall, models serve as essential tools for conveying ideas, structuring information, and supporting learning across diverse disciplines.
Machine learning detecting poisoning attacks?5 answersMachine learning-based intrusion detection systems (ML-IDSs) are being used to mitigate cyberattacks. However, the lack of training datasets is a challenge. Pretrained models and small labeled network data or few-shots from internal sources are possible solutions. But using pretrained models or external datasets introduces the risk of poisoned machine learning models. Novel poisoning attacks create diverse mini clusters of attacks and normal instances around an attack instance to poison it. The poisoned instances are then injected into training data. Anomaly-based intrusion detection models are used to examine the effectiveness of this approach. Similarly, fake image detectors face data poisoning attacks where attackers mislabel fake images used for training. A protector model is designed to distinguish poisoned fake images from correctly labeled ones. Deep neural networks (DNNs) used for facial image recognition and deepfake detection are vulnerable to targeted data poisoning attacks. Proposed defenses achieve high accuracy in detecting and preventing these attacks. In federated learning, a new approach called average accuracy deviation detection (AADD) is proposed to detect and prevent poisoning attacks from affecting the global model.
Data Poisoning Attacks on Machine learning models?5 answersData poisoning attacks on machine learning models are a significant threat in various domains. These attacks involve injecting malicious or fake data into the training process, which can compromise the integrity and performance of the models. Several papers have addressed this issue and proposed different methods to detect and mitigate data poisoning attacks. Kumara and Naik proposed a data poison detection program based on resource schemes multi-linear regression (RSMLR) to enhance learning and protection from central sources. Tang, Xu, and Wang introduced a dynamic attack method for recommendation systems, which outperformed existing attacks in terms of success rate. Another study investigated data poisoning attacks in federated learning systems and proposed defense mechanisms to mitigate these attacks. Ismail and Shukla analyzed the impact of data poisoning attacks in split-fed learning and proposed novel attack strategies. Alhussien and Aleroud investigated a poisoning attack that creates a diverse mini cluster of attacks and normal instances to poison machine learning models in intrusion detection systems.
What is domoic acid poisoning?3 answersDomoic acid poisoning is a neurotoxic condition caused by the ingestion of contaminated seafood, particularly shellfish, that contain high levels of domoic acid. Domoic acid is produced by certain marine organisms such as red algae and planktonic diatoms. The poisoning can lead to memory impairment and brain disorders, and has been named Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP). It affects both humans and wildlife, posing a global health and safety threat. The toxin targets glutamate receptors and causes degenerative damage to brain cells, resulting in permanent short-term memory loss. Cephalopod mollusks, such as octopus and cuttlefish, have been found to accumulate domoic acid in their brain tissue. The hypothesis has been proposed that domoic acid poisoning may be a causative agent in mass stranding events of cetaceans in Tasmania. Screening methods have been developed to detect and quantify domoic acid in various matrices, including shellfish, algae, and seawater.
What is the definition of a model?5 answersA model is a representation or concept that helps us understand the world when common sense or direct observations are inadequate. It can be a physical, conceptual, or mathematical representation of a real phenomenon. Models are used in various scientific disciplines to explain, predict, and control the behavior of objects or systems. They can be used for hypothesis testing, exploration, and assisting with experimental design. Models can also serve as tools for planning, research, expression, communication, and manipulation. They can be innocent and evoke childhood toys, while also being central to urban planning, architecture, and theatre design. However, models can be vulnerable to exploitative and propagandist abuse. The term "model" has different meanings and is a topic of interest in science education research. Overall, a model is a way of defining a situation and can be a powerful instrument with multiple uses and meanings.
What is a model?5 answersA model is an abstraction or representation of something real or imagined. It can be a possible interpretation of a theory or a mathematical description of the relationship between variables and parameters. Models can be physical, mathematical, or conceptual, and they are used to understand and describe complex objects, systems, processes, or phenomena. They can be used to study biological systems, predict the weather, design buildings, or represent data structures. Models help visualize and analyze data, simplify complex problems, and facilitate understanding. They can be represented symbolically, with diagrams or narrative descriptions. Models are widely used in various fields, from science to sociology, and have been employed for centuries.