What is good solvent for flavonoid extraction?5 answersDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) have shown promise as efficient solvents for flavonoid extraction from plant materials. Studies have highlighted the effectiveness of DESs based on choline chloride for flavonoid extraction. Additionally, a study optimizing a carbon dioxide-based method found that a gas expanded liquid combining CO2/ethanol/H2O provided high extraction yields of quercetin, a type of flavonoid, from quince fruit. Tailor-made DESs, particularly those synthesized with choline chloride and lactic acid, have been successfully used to extract flavonoids from Polygonatum odoratum rhizomes, demonstrating high extraction rates and solvent recovery efficiency. Furthermore, DESs like ethylene glycol/malonic acid and ethylene glycol/glycolic acid have shown high extraction yields for total flavonoids and isovitexin from Celtis sinensis, with potential anti-inflammatory properties. These findings collectively suggest that DESs are promising solvents for efficient and environmentally friendly flavonoid extraction.
Which solvents can i use for lactic acid extraction?5 answersLactic acid can be extracted using various solvents such as trioctylamine (TOA), rice bran, sesame, and mustard oil, lactic acid-based deep eutectic solvents (NADESs), polyethylene glycol 1500 and sodium sulfate, and DOA/ALIQ:1-octanol:n-nonane.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods for extracting alkaloids from plant material?5 answersDifferent methods for extracting alkaloids from plant material have their own advantages and disadvantages. One advantage is that in vitro production systems can provide a consistent yield of alkaloids, overcoming the genetic and geographical variations that affect commercial extraction methods. Another advantage is that modern-day technologies allow for the separation and synthesis of alkaloids into capsules and tablets for easy administration and storage. However, the complex molecular structure of alkaloids makes chemical synthesis a challenging and not feasible option. On the other hand, the systemic separation method using refluxing, acid dissolution, and extraction with alkali and acid offers a simple and efficient way to separate alkaloids while maintaining their biological activity. Additionally, techniques such as transcription factors, plant tissue culture, miRNA-mediated manipulation, gene editing, and nanoparticles-based enhancement are being explored to stabilize and enhance alkaloid production, but a detailed understanding of alkaloid biosynthetic pathways is essential for their successful implementation.
What is the most used solvent for extracting piper betle in Soxhlet extraction?3 answersThe most used solvent for extracting piper betle in Soxhlet extraction is water.
What are the most effective solvents for extracting oil from oil shale?4 answersThe most effective solvents for extracting oil from oil shale are tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform, carbon disulfide, and methanol. THF was found to have a significant effect on the yield and composition of the extracted oil, resulting in a better quality oil with a large proportion of aromatic compounds and fewer amounts of sulfur and paraffin compounds. Chloroform and carbon disulfide, when used in a 60:40 (wt%) mixture, were found to be the most effective solvent for ultrasonic extraction of kerogen from oil shale, with an oil yield of 15.6%. Methanol exhibited the highest extractive capacity of about 23% for shale oil extraction using microwave-assisted extraction. These solvents have shown promising results in terms of extraction yield and the quality of the extracted oil, making them suitable for oil shale extraction.
What solvent should be mixed with extract to make a mouthwash?5 answersThe solvent that should be mixed with the extract to make a mouthwash varies depending on the study. One study suggests using low alcohol such as ethanol, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, and n-butanol, as well as ester such as acetic acid ethyl, ketone such as cyclo-butanone, cyclo-pentane, n-hexane, chloroform, and acetone. Another study mentions using 3-5 times of ethanol solution for ultrasonic extraction. A third study uses methanol extract from cocoa bean. A fourth study includes ethyl alcohol in the preparation method. Finally, a fifth study incorporates ethanol extract and hexane fraction of Rosmarinus officinalis into the mouthwash formulation.