What is the burden of mosquito-borne diseases globally?5 answersMosquito-borne diseases pose a significant global burden, affecting a large portion of the population. These diseases include malaria, dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, zika, lymphatic filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, and more. Malaria alone causes over 600,000 deaths annually, predominantly affecting children under 5 years old. Dengue, with 50-100 million cases yearly, leads to severe complications like plasma leakage and multi-organ failure. Factors like climate change, urbanization, and global travel contribute to the spread of these diseases. Public knowledge gaps on mosquito bio-ecology and inadequate vector control strategies further exacerbate the burden. Efforts to enhance public education, surveillance, and control practices are crucial in combating these diseases and reducing their impact globally.
What is the economic burden of delayed Hepatitis C in kenya?5 answersThe economic burden of delayed Hepatitis C in Kenya is significant. Patients with chronic HCV infection experience impairment in quality of life and face frequent visits to physicians and hospitalizations for liver disease evaluation, resulting in increased healthcare costs. Additionally, the prevalence of HBV and HIV infections is higher in Kenyan OC patients compared to the healthy control group, highlighting the need for screening and treatment in this population. A pilot screening and treatment intervention for HCV among people who inject drugs in Nairobi was found to be highly cost-effective, especially with cheaper drug prices and without directly observed therapy. The spread of chronic viral hepatitis C among the population in general incurs significant costs for society, both direct and indirect, due to treatment expenses and the disability of affected individuals. However, specific information on the economic burden of delayed Hepatitis C in Kenya was not found in the provided abstracts.
What are the factors that contribute to the prevalence of schistosomiasis?5 answersThe prevalence of schistosomiasis is influenced by various factors. These include socio-cultural and socio-economic variables, gender norms, water contact activities, and access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation. Other factors include ecological zone, ethnicity, age, and sex. The disease is transmitted through contact with unwholesome water sources infested with freshwater mollusks, which serve as intermediate hosts. Risk factors associated with infection rates include occupational and recreational water contact, knowledge, socio-economic factors, and demographic factors. The construction of water schemes and increasing population and movement have also contributed to increased transmission. To combat schistosomiasis, treatment of at-risk populations, access to good water, improved sanitation, hygiene education, and snail control are recommended. Mass treatment with praziquantel is the recommended strategy for reducing the burden of the disease. Integrated control, targeting the life cycle, is crucial for sustainability and future elimination.
What is the burden of TB in prison in Kenya?4 answersThe burden of TB in prison in Kenya is high, with a prevalence of active pulmonary TB ranging from 1425 to 2356 per 100,000 of the prison population. The prevalence of TB in prisons is significantly higher than that of the general population, with studies showing a 6 to 100 times higher prevalence among prisoners. Factors associated with active PTB in prisons include HIV infection, contact with TB cases, unemployment, poor personal hygiene, and overcrowding. The living conditions in prisons, such as overcrowding and poor ventilation, contribute to the transmission of TB. To address the burden of TB in prisons, comprehensive multidisciplinary control and preventive approaches are recommended, including screening for TB upon prison entry, isolation of suspected cases, and HIV counseling and testing for all diagnosed PTB patients. Improving personal hygiene and living conditions in prisons is also crucial in reducing the burden of TB.
What is the prevalence of Schistosomiasis worldwide?5 answersSchistosomiasis is a widespread parasitic infection affecting humans, with the most common species being Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum, and Schistosoma haematobium. It is endemic in more than 70 countries, with an estimated 229 million people worldwide affected by the disease. The highest prevalence of schistosomiasis is found in Africa, where 92% of the affected population resides. The prevalence rates vary in different regions, with studies reporting rates of 4.84%, 34.6%, and 11.4%in specific populations. The disease is primarily transmitted through contact with fresh water, and risk factors include activities such as swimming, bathing, and fetching water from contaminated sources. The diagnosis of schistosomiasis is typically done by detecting eggs in urine or stool samples. Mass treatment with praziquantel is the recommended strategy for reducing the burden of the disease. Efforts to prevent schistosomiasis include water pollution control and eradication of snails, which act as intermediate hosts for the parasite.
What are the main reasons for malnutrition in Kenya?5 answersThe main reasons for malnutrition in Kenya include poor policies, household food insecurity, climate change leading to drought, and factors such as lack of access to prenatal care, improper child feeding practices, and low parental education levels.